Fujikura I
Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. 1993 Jun;39(2):217-22.
In 1935, Egas Moniz inaugurated a surgical procedure in the treatment of certain psychoses. By interrupting some of the connections between the prefrontal lobes and other parts of the brain, some benefits were brought to the psychotic individuals. He reported 20 cases of these procedures. The treatment of chronic psychotic patients by prefrontal leucotomy or lobotomy, was spread throughout the world by Walter Freeman. In Japan the psychosurgical operation was performed in 1939 by Nakada using prefrontal lobotomy. In April 1959, the 15th General Assembly of the Japan General Congress was held in Tokyo and the subject "Functional brain surgery" was taken up at one of the plenary sessions. In the early years, numerous operations were performed upon chronic disturbed psychotic patients who had not been relieved by various other somatic treatments in mental hospitals. Following the development of psychopharmacotherapy since the middle part of the 1950s marked decline in the number of psychosurgical operations was observed. Now this surgery has been interrupted because of the continued trouble faced by psychosurgery in Japan. Why did such a popularity and then a decline of psychosurgery occur in this short term?
1935年，埃加斯·莫尼斯开创了一种治疗某些精神病的外科手术。通过切断前额叶与大脑其他部分之间的一些联系，给精神病患者带来了一些益处。他报告了20例这类手术。前额叶白质切除术或脑叶切除术治疗慢性精神病患者的方法由沃尔特·弗里曼推广至全世界。1939年，日本的中田使用前额叶脑叶切除术进行了精神外科手术。1959年4月，日本医师总会第15届大会在东京召开，全会的其中一场会议讨论了“功能性脑部手术”这一主题。早年，针对精神病院里经各种其他躯体治疗均未缓解的慢性精神障碍患者实施了大量手术。自20世纪50年代中期以来，随着精神药物治疗的发展，精神外科手术的数量显著下降。如今，由于日本精神外科手术持续面临问题，这种手术已被中断。为何精神外科手术在如此短的时间内先是流行然后又衰落了呢？
