Cousin M T
Hist Sci Med. 2000 Jul-Sep;34(3):219-30.
In France, a number of scientists from the fields of chemistry, physiology and surgery have been interested in anaesthesiology. Claude Bernard, who published in 1872 the most exhaustive studies on anaesthesia, was also interested from 1844 in drug curare. He created a methodology, studied pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics and demonstrated the specific action on motor nerves while muscle retained its irritability. It was however A. Vulpian who put forward the idea that curare does not affect the nerve itself but may act on a "linking substance" between nerve and muscle. In these times (1862), Rouget described the end apparatus at the nerve-muscle junction in a way which was finally accepted by German authors. Fifty years later, Couteaux achieved the microanatomic study of the end plate (1909). More recently (1972), Changeux and his team isolated the acetylcholine receptor from the electric organ of the torpedo fish.
在法国，化学、生理学和外科学领域的一些科学家对麻醉学产生了兴趣。克劳德·伯纳德在1872年发表了关于麻醉的最详尽研究，他从1844年起也对箭毒药物感兴趣。他创立了一种方法，研究了药理学，包括药代动力学，并证明了箭毒对运动神经有特定作用，而肌肉仍保持其兴奋性。然而，是阿尔弗雷德·维尔皮安提出箭毒并不影响神经本身，而是可能作用于神经与肌肉之间的一种“连接物质”。在那个时期（1862年），鲁热描述了神经 - 肌肉接头处的终末装置，其描述方式最终被德国学者所接受。五十年后，库托完成了终板的微观解剖学研究（1909年）。更近一些（1972年），尚热和他的团队从电鳐的电器官中分离出了乙酰胆碱受体。
