Marsella A J
J Clin Psychol. 1975 Jul;31(3):402-8. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197507)31:3<402::aid-jclp2270310304>3.0.co;2-v.
Several theorists have speculated that schizophrenia constitutes a disorder in which there is minimal motivation to conform to social pressures, while manic-depressive psychoses represent disorders in which there is maximal motivation to conform to social pressures. However, there have been few experimental tests of these speculations, and those that have been conducted generally have yielded conflicting results because of methodological inconsistencies and limitations. The present investigation examined conformity behavior of male and female manic-depressives (MD), paranoid schizophrenics (PS), and normals (N) on two conformity tasks: attitude change and perceptual judgment. It was hypothesized that manic depressives would conform more than normals, who would conform more than paranoid schizophrenics (MD less than N less than PS). Results indicated that manic-depressives and normals conformed significantly more than paranoid schizophrenics, but did not differ from each other on either of the conformity tasks. Thus, the hypothesis was supported only partially. The results do not support the view that manic-depressive psychoses constitute disorders in which there is maximal motivation to conform to social pressures; however, the results do support the view that schizophrenia represents a disorder in which there is minimum motivation to conform. The results are discussed in terms of their implication for the uses of interpersonal psychotherapy forms.
几位理论家推测，精神分裂症是一种对社会压力顺从动机极低的障碍，而躁郁症则是对社会压力顺从动机极高的障碍。然而，对这些推测的实验检验很少，而且由于方法上的不一致和局限性，已进行的检验通常产生了相互矛盾的结果。本研究考察了男性和女性躁郁症患者（MD）、偏执型精神分裂症患者（PS）和正常人（N）在两种从众任务上的从众行为：态度改变和知觉判断。研究假设是，躁郁症患者比正常人更从众，而正常人比偏执型精神分裂症患者更从众（MD＜N＜PS）。结果表明，躁郁症患者和正常人比偏执型精神分裂症患者从众得多，但在任何一项从众任务上彼此之间没有差异。因此，该假设仅得到部分支持。这些结果不支持躁郁症是对社会压力顺从动机极高的障碍这一观点；然而，这些结果确实支持精神分裂症是对社会压力顺从动机极低的障碍这一观点。根据这些结果对人际心理治疗形式的应用所具有的意义进行了讨论。
