Albarracín Dolores, Mitchell Amy L
University of Florida, Department of Psychology, Gainesville, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Dec;30(12):1565-84. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271180.
This series of studies identified individuals who chronically believe that they can successfully defend their attitudes from external attack and investigated the consequences of this individual difference for selective exposure to attitude-incongruent information and, ultimately, attitude change. Studies 1 and 2 validated a measure of defensive confidence as an individual difference that is unidimensional, distinct from other personality measures, reliable over a 2-week interval, and organized as a trait that generalizes across various personal and social issues. Studies 3 and 4 provided evidence that defensive confidence decreases preference for proattitudinal information, therefore inducing greater reception of counterattitudinal materials. Study 5 demonstrated that people who are high in defensive confidence are more likely to change their attitudes as a result of exposure to counterattitudinal information and examined the perceptions that mediate this important phenomenon.
这一系列研究识别出了长期认为自己能够成功抵御外界对其态度攻击的个体，并探讨了这种个体差异对于选择性接触与态度不一致信息以及最终态度改变的影响。研究1和研究2验证了防御信心这一测量指标，它作为一种个体差异，具有单维度性，与其他人格测量指标不同，在两周时间间隔内具有可靠性，且作为一种特质存在，能够推广到各种个人和社会问题中。研究3和研究4提供了证据，表明防御信心会降低对支持性态度信息的偏好，从而促使人们更多地接受反对性态度的材料。研究5表明，防御信心高的人在接触反对性态度信息后更有可能改变自己的态度，并考察了介导这一重要现象的认知。
