Muhogora W E, Nyanda A M, Kazema R R
Department of Radiation Protection Services, National Radiation Commission, P.O. Box 743 Arusha, Tanzania.
J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2001 Autumn;2(4):219-26. doi: 10.1120/jacmp.v2i4.2601.
Objective assessment of the quality of radiographic images is practically a difficult task and protocols that address this problem are few. In 1996, the European union published nearly objective image quality criteria to unify the practices in Europe. However, experience with these criteria in countries of lower health care levels is little documented. As a case study in Tanzania, we present the general performance of European guidelines in some Tanzanian hospitals to a total of 200 radiographs obtained from some common x-ray examinations. The results show that more than 70% of chest (PA), lumbar spine (AP), and pelvis AP radiographs passed the quality criteria, while the performance of lumbar spine LAT x-ray examinations was about 50% and therefore less satisfactory. The corresponding mean entrance dose to the patient for specified x-ray techniques was of range 0.08-0.56 mGy, 3.1-7.7 mGy, 2.53-5.4 mGy, and 4.0-16.78 mGy for chest PA, lumbar spine AP, pelvis AP, and lumbar spine LAT x-ray examinations, respectively. Although a good number of observers were not well familiar to the guidelines, the quality criteria have been found useful and their adoption in the country recommended. The need to provide relevant education and training to staff in the radiology departments is of utmost importance.
对射线照相图像质量进行客观评估实际上是一项艰巨的任务，解决这一问题的方案很少。1996年，欧盟发布了近乎客观的图像质量标准，以统一欧洲的做法。然而，在医疗保健水平较低的国家，关于这些标准的经验鲜有记录。作为坦桑尼亚的一个案例研究，我们展示了欧洲指南在坦桑尼亚一些医院对从一些常见X射线检查中获取的总共200张X光片的总体表现。结果表明，超过70%的胸部（后前位）、腰椎（前后位）和骨盆前后位X光片通过了质量标准，而腰椎侧位X光检查的通过率约为50%，因此不太令人满意。对于特定的X射线技术，胸部后前位、腰椎前后位、骨盆前后位和腰椎侧位X光检查给患者的相应平均入射剂量分别为0.08 - 0.56毫戈瑞、3.1 - 7.7毫戈瑞、2.53 - 5.4毫戈瑞和4.0 - 16.78毫戈瑞。尽管很多观察者对这些指南不太熟悉，但已发现质量标准很有用，并建议在该国采用。对放射科工作人员提供相关教育和培训的需求至关重要。
