Breimer M E
J Lipid Res. 1975 May;16(3):189-94.
Sphingomyelins were isolated from mucosal layers of bovine rennet stomach, duodenum, jejunoileum, and colon ascendens. The ceramides obtained after phospholipase degradation were characterized by thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and gas-liquid chromatography. The main ceramide group from all regions consisted of dihydroxy long-chain bases and normal fatty acids. Sphingosine was the predominant base in all these fractions, and only in rennet stomach were smaller amounts of the C17 and C20 homologs present. Normal saturated C16, C18, C22, and C24 fatty acids were most abundant. In rennet stomach there was in addition a ceramide group having dihydroxy long-chain bases in combination with hydroxy fatty acids. Sphingosine was the predominant long-chain base and the fatty acids were 2-hydroxy C16, C22, C23, and C24. From jejunoileum three minor ceramide fractions were isolated; these consisted of phytosphingosine and normal fatty acids C22-C24), sphingosine and 2-hydroxy fatty acids (C16-C24), and phytosphingosine and 2-hydroxy fatty acids (C22-C24), respectively. No branched paraffin chains were found in significant amounts. Sphingomyelins with trihydroxy long-chain bases and 2-hydroxy fatty acids found in jejunoileum were also detected in bovine kidney and have not been demonstrated before. These sphingomyelins from both kidney and jejunoileum showed a preferential combination of trihydroxy bases and fatty acids with very long chains (C22-C24).
从牛皱胃、十二指肠、空回肠和升结肠的黏膜层中分离出鞘磷脂。磷脂酶降解后得到的神经酰胺通过薄层色谱、质谱和气液色谱进行表征。所有区域的主要神经酰胺基团由二羟基长链碱基和正常脂肪酸组成。鞘氨醇是所有这些组分中的主要碱基，仅在皱胃中存在少量的C17和C20同系物。正常的饱和C16、C18、C22和C24脂肪酸含量最为丰富。在皱胃中，还存在一个神经酰胺基团，其由二羟基长链碱基与羟基脂肪酸结合而成。鞘氨醇是主要的长链碱基，脂肪酸为2-羟基C16、C22、C23和C24。从空回肠中分离出三个次要的神经酰胺组分；它们分别由植物鞘氨醇和正常脂肪酸（C22 - C24）、鞘氨醇和2-羟基脂肪酸（C16 - C24）以及植物鞘氨醇和2-羟基脂肪酸（C22 - C24）组成。未发现大量的支链石蜡链。在空回肠中发现的具有三羟基长链碱基和2-羟基脂肪酸的鞘磷脂在牛肾中也被检测到，且此前尚未被证实。来自肾脏和空回肠的这些鞘磷脂显示出三羟基碱基与非常长链（C22 - C24）脂肪酸的优先组合。
