Bø K, Borgen J S
Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Nov;33(11):1797-802. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200111000-00001.
The purposes of the present study were to examine the prevalence of stress and urge incontinence in female elite athletes and controls, assess a possible association between urge and stress incontinence and eating disorders, and assess a possible association between stress and urge incontinence and menstrual irregularity.
This was a two-stage study including a screening part by questionnaire and a clinical interview. Questions included in the questionnaire were related to training history, menstrual history, eating behavior, and stress and urge incontinence. DSM-IV criteria were used in the clinical part of the study to diagnose eating disorders in those classified as being at risk. The total population of female elite athletes, defined as one representing the national team for junior or senior (N = 660), and age-matched nonathlete controls (N = 765) aged 15-39 were asked to answer the questionnaire. The response rate was 87% and 75% for athletes and controls, respectively.
Four percent of the athletes and 33% of the controls had delivered (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in the athletes and controls, 41% and 39%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between sport groups. No difference in the frequency of urge incontinence was found when athletes (16%) and controls (19%) were compared. Twenty percent of the elite athletes and 9% of the controls met the DSM-IV criteria for eating disorder. The prevalence of SUI (49.5%) and urge incontinence (20%) in eating disordered athletes was significantly higher than in healthy athletes, 38.8% (P = 0.003) and 15% (P = 0.048). No difference in prevalence was observed when eating disordered nonathletes (39%) and healthy nonathletes (39%) were compared (P = 0.426).
There is a high prevalence of stress and urge incontinence in female elite athletes. The frequency of SUI and urge incontinence was significantly higher in eating disordered athletes compared with healthy athletes.
本研究旨在调查女性精英运动员和对照组中压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁的患病率，评估急迫性尿失禁和压力性尿失禁与饮食失调之间可能存在的关联，以及评估压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁与月经不规律之间可能存在的关联。
这是一项两阶段研究，包括通过问卷调查进行的筛查部分和临床访谈。问卷中的问题涉及训练史、月经史、饮食行为以及压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁。在研究的临床部分使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准对那些被归类为有风险的人进行饮食失调诊断。被定义为代表国家青年队或成年队的女性精英运动员（N = 660）以及年龄匹配的15至39岁非运动员对照组（N = 765）被要求回答问卷。运动员和对照组的回复率分别为87%和75%。
4%的运动员和33%的对照组有过生产经历（P < 0.05）。运动员和对照组中压力性尿失禁（SUI）的患病率分别为41%和39%，无显著差异。不同运动项目组之间也无显著差异。比较运动员（16%）和对照组（19%）时，急迫性尿失禁频率无差异。20%的精英运动员和9%的对照组符合DSM-IV饮食失调标准。饮食失调运动员中SUI（49.5%）和急迫性尿失禁（20%）的患病率显著高于健康运动员，分别为38.8%（P = 0.003）和15%（P = 0.048）。比较饮食失调非运动员（39%）和健康非运动员（39%）时，患病率无差异（P = 0.426）。
女性精英运动员中压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁的患病率较高。与健康运动员相比，饮食失调运动员中SUI和急迫性尿失禁的频率显著更高。
