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使用哨兵宿主系统研究棘背硬蜱的 questing 行为及其在伯氏疏螺旋体、人粒细胞埃立克体病和微小巴贝斯虫传播中的作用。 (注:questing 这个词可能在医学昆虫学领域有特定含义,可能是指蜱类等待宿主的某种行为状态,这里直接保留英文以便准确传达原文信息)

Use of a sentinel host system to study the questing behavior of Ixodes spinipalpis and its role in the transmission of Borrelia bissettii, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and Babesia microti.

作者信息

Burkot T R, Maupin G O, Schneider B S, Denatale C, Happ C M, Rutherford J S, Zeidner N S

机构信息

Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

出版信息

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Oct;65(4):293-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.293.

Abstract

Ixodes spinipalpis maintains Borrelia bissettii spirochetes in Colorado in a cycle involving wood rats and deer mice. This tick has been described as nidicolous, remaining either attached to its rodent hosts or in the rodent nest. Nidicolous ticks pose little risk of pathogen transmission to humans if they do not actively quest for hosts. To investigate the questing potential of I. spinipalpis, sentinel mice were placed in an area where I. spinipalpis had been commonly found on wood rats and deer mice. Concurrently, wild rodent populations were trapped and analyzed for Lyme disease spirochetes, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aoHGE), and Babesia microti. A total of 122 I. spinipalpis larvae and 10 nymphs were found on 19% of 244 sentinel mice. In addition, 4 sentinel mice became infested with Malaraeus telchinus or Orchopeas neotomae fleas. Questing I. spinipalpis were positively associated with woody shrubs and negatively associated with sunny and grassy areas. Four sentinel mice became infected with aoHGE after having been fed upon only by I. spinipalpis larvae. One sentinel mouse became infected with B. bissettii after having an I. spinipalpis nymph feed on it, and one sentinel mouse became coinfected with aoHGE and B. bissettii after it was fed upon by a single I. spinipalpis nymph. These sentinel mouse conversions suggest the possibility that the aoHGE is transovarially transmitted by I. spinipalpis, and that I. spinipalpis is capable of simultaneously transmitting B. bissettii and the aoHGE. The findings that I. spinipalpis quest away from rodent nests and will attach to and infect sentinel mice may be of public health importance. It suggests the potential transmission of the agents of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease to other hosts by I. spinipalpis, in regions of the western United States where Ixodes pacificus is not found.

摘要

太平洋硬蜱(Ixodes spinipalpis)在科罗拉多州通过涉及林鼠和鹿鼠的循环来维持伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia bissettii)螺旋体。这种蜱被描述为巢栖性的,要么附着在其啮齿动物宿主身上,要么在啮齿动物巢穴中。如果巢栖性蜱不主动寻找宿主,它们向人类传播病原体的风险很小。为了研究太平洋硬蜱寻找宿主的可能性,将哨兵小鼠放置在一个经常能在林鼠和鹿鼠身上发现太平洋硬蜱的区域。同时,诱捕野生啮齿动物种群并分析其是否感染莱姆病螺旋体、人类粒细胞埃立克体病(aoHGE)病原体以及微小巴贝斯虫(Babesia microti)。在244只哨兵小鼠中的19%身上共发现了122只太平洋硬蜱幼虫和10只若虫。此外,4只哨兵小鼠感染了特尔金氏马拉蚤(Malaraeus telchinus)或新墨西哥奥尔科蚤(Orchopeas neotomae)。寻找宿主的太平洋硬蜱与木本灌木呈正相关,与阳光充足和草地地区呈负相关。4只哨兵小鼠在仅被太平洋硬蜱幼虫叮咬后感染了aoHGE。1只哨兵小鼠在被一只太平洋硬蜱若虫叮咬后感染了伯氏疏螺旋体,1只哨兵小鼠在被一只太平洋硬蜱若虫叮咬后同时感染了aoHGE和伯氏疏螺旋体。这些哨兵小鼠的感染情况表明,aoHGE有可能通过太平洋硬蜱经卵传播,并且太平洋硬蜱能够同时传播伯氏疏螺旋体和aoHGE。太平洋硬蜱离开啮齿动物巢穴寻找宿主并会附着并感染哨兵小鼠这一发现可能具有公共卫生意义。这表明在美国西部未发现太平洋硬蜱的地区,太平洋硬蜱可能将人类粒细胞埃立克体病和莱姆病病原体传播给其他宿主。

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