Department of Natural Resources, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, United States of America.
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 10;13(4):e0195586. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195586. eCollection 2018.
The ecology of Lyme borreliosis is complex in northwestern California, with several potential reservoir hosts, tick vectors, and genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The primary objective of this study was to determine the fine-scale spatial distribution of different genospecies in four rodent species, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), and Allen's chipmunk (Neotamias senex). Rodents were live-trapped between June 2004 and May 2005 at the Hoopa Valley Tribal Reservation (HVTR) in Humboldt County, California. Ear-punch biopsies obtained from each rodent were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis. The programs ArcGIS and SaTScan were used to examine the spatial distribution of genospecies. Multinomial log-linear models were used to model habitat and host-specific characteristics and their effect on the presence of each borrelial genospecies. The Akaike information criterion (AICc) was used to compare models and determine model fit. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was primarily associated with chipmunks and B. bissettiae largely with woodrats. The top model included the variables "host species", "month", and "elevation" (weight = 0.84). Spatial clustering of B. bissettiae was detected in the northwestern section of the HVTR, whereas B. burgdorferi sensu stricto was clustered in the southeastern section. We conclude that the spatial distribution of these borreliae are driven at least in part by host species, time-of-year, and elevation.
加利福尼亚西北部莱姆病的生态学较为复杂，存在多种潜在的宿主、蜱媒介和伯氏疏螺旋体属（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato）的不同种型。本研究的主要目的是确定 4 种啮齿动物（加利福尼亚地松鼠（Otospermophilus beecheyi）、北美飞鼠（Glaucomys sabrinus）、黄腹土拨鼠（Neotoma fuscipes）和艾伦地松鼠（Neotamias senex））中不同种型的精细空间分布。2004 年 6 月至 2005 年 5 月期间，在加利福尼亚州洪堡县的霍普瓦山谷部落保留地（HVTR）使用活捕陷阱捕获啮齿动物。从每只啮齿动物采集耳组织活检样本，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和测序分析进行检测。使用 ArcGIS 和 SaTScan 程序检查种型的空间分布。使用多项逻辑线性模型来对生境和宿主特异性特征及其对每种伯氏疏螺旋体种型存在的影响进行建模。使用 Akaike 信息准则（AICc）比较模型并确定模型拟合度。伯氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto）主要与地松鼠相关，而 B. bissettiae 主要与黄腹土拨鼠相关。最佳模型包括“宿主物种”、“月份”和“海拔”变量（权重=0.84）。在 HVTR 的西北部检测到 B. bissettiae 的空间聚类，而伯氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto）在东南部聚类。我们得出结论，这些伯氏疏螺旋体的空间分布至少部分受到宿主物种、季节和海拔的驱动。
