Sowell E R, Thompson P M, Tessner K D, Toga A W
Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1769, USA.
J Neurosci. 2001 Nov 15;21(22):8819-29. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-22-08819.2001.
Recent in vivo structural imaging studies have shown spatial and temporal patterns of brain maturation between childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood that are generally consistent with postmortem studies of cellular maturational events such as increased myelination and synaptic pruning. In this study, we conducted detailed spatial and temporal analyses of growth and gray matter density at the cortical surface of the brain in a group of 35 normally developing children, adolescents, and young adults. To accomplish this, we used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and novel computational image analysis techniques. For the first time, in this report we have mapped the continued postadolescent brain growth that occurs primarily in the dorsal aspects of the frontal lobe bilaterally and in the posterior temporo-occipital junction bilaterally. Notably, maps of the spatial distribution of postadolescent cortical gray matter density reduction are highly consistent with maps of the spatial distribution of postadolescent brain growth, showing an inverse relationship between cortical gray matter density reduction and brain growth primarily in the superior frontal regions that control executive cognitive functioning. Inverse relationships are not as robust in the posterior temporo-occipital junction where gray matter density reduction is much less prominent despite late brain growth in these regions between adolescence and adulthood. Overall brain growth is not significant between childhood and adolescence, but close spatial relationships between gray matter density reduction and brain growth are observed in the dorsal parietal and frontal cortex. These results suggest that progressive cellular maturational events, such as increased myelination, may play as prominent a role during the postadolescent years as regressive events, such as synaptic pruning, in determining the ultimate density of mature frontal lobe cortical gray matter.
近期的体内结构成像研究显示了儿童期、青少年期和青年期大脑成熟的空间和时间模式，这些模式总体上与细胞成熟事件的尸检研究一致，如髓鞘形成增加和突触修剪。在本研究中，我们对35名正常发育的儿童、青少年和青年的大脑皮质表面的生长和灰质密度进行了详细的空间和时间分析。为实现这一目标，我们使用了高分辨率磁共振成像和新颖的计算图像分析技术。在本报告中，我们首次绘制了青春期后大脑持续生长的图谱，这种生长主要发生在双侧额叶背侧以及双侧颞枕后交界处。值得注意的是，青春期后皮质灰质密度降低的空间分布图与青春期后大脑生长的空间分布图高度一致，显示出皮质灰质密度降低与大脑生长之间主要在控制执行认知功能的额上区呈负相关关系。在颞枕后交界处，负相关关系不那么明显，尽管在青春期到成年期这些区域大脑仍有后期生长，但灰质密度降低并不那么显著。儿童期到青少年期大脑整体生长不显著，但在顶叶背侧和额叶皮质观察到灰质密度降低与大脑生长之间密切的空间关系。这些结果表明，渐进性的细胞成熟事件，如髓鞘形成增加，在青春期后对确定成熟额叶皮质灰质的最终密度可能与退行性事件，如突触修剪，起着同样重要的作用。
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