Blass E M, Camp C A
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 01003, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2001 Nov;37(6):762-74. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.37.6.762.
Nine and 12-week-old infants (N = 140) who were either calm or crying sat facing a researcher for 3.5 min. The researcher gazed into the infant's eyes with a smiling face or looked above the infant's forehead. She delivered a 12% sucrose solution via a syringe or a pacifier, or she did not deliver anything. After the exposure period, the mother held her infant over her shoulder. Infant gaze direction was recorded while the infant faced the same researcher and a stranger. The confluence of sweet taste and eye contact was necessary and sufficient for calm 9- and 12-week-olds to form a preference for the researcher. Crying infants never did so, even though eye contact and sweet taste arrested crying. Different visual-gustatory combinations induced unanticipated affective states and are discussed within the contexts of cognitive mechanisms that mediate face learning and preference, the proximate mechanisms involved, and the evolutionary significance of face recognition.
9周龄和12周龄的婴儿（N = 140），无论处于平静状态还是哭闹状态，都要面对一名研究人员坐3.5分钟。研究人员要么微笑着凝视婴儿的眼睛，要么看向婴儿额头上方。她通过注射器或安抚奶嘴给婴儿喂12%的蔗糖溶液，或者什么都不喂。在暴露期结束后，母亲将婴儿抱在肩上。当婴儿面对同一名研究人员和一名陌生人时，记录婴儿的注视方向。对于平静的9周龄和12周龄婴儿来说，甜味和眼神交流的结合是形成对研究人员偏好的必要且充分条件。哭闹的婴儿从未如此，尽管眼神交流和甜味能止住哭闹。不同的视觉-味觉组合会引发意想不到的情感状态，并将在介导面部学习和偏好的认知机制、所涉及的近端机制以及人脸识别的进化意义等背景下进行讨论。
