纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤：放射学-病理学综述

Mediastinal germ cell tumors: a radiologic-pathologic review.

作者信息

Drevelegas A, Palladas P, Scordalaki A

机构信息

Department of Radiology, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Greece.

出版信息

Eur Radiol. 2001;11(10):1925-32. doi: 10.1007/s003300000725.

DOI:10.1007/s003300000725

PMID:11702124

Abstract

Germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are histologically identical to those found in the testes and ovaries. Early diagnosis and treatment improve the survival rate. Imaging studies of teratoma demonstrate a rounded, often lobulated heterogeneous mass containing soft tissue elements with fluid and fat attenuation. Calcification is present in 20-43% of cases. Seminomas are large masses of homogeneous soft tissue attenuation. Malignant nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are heterogeneous tumors with irregular borders due to invasion of adjacent structures. CT shows the location and extent of the tumors as well as intrinsic elements including soft tissue, fat, fluid, and calcification. CT is the modality of choice for the diagnostic evaluation of these tumors. MRI reveals masses of heterogeneous signal intensity, is more sensitive in depicting infiltration of the adjacent structures by fat plane obliteration, and is performed as an ancillary study.

摘要

纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤在组织学上与睾丸和卵巢中的生殖细胞肿瘤相同。早期诊断和治疗可提高生存率。畸胎瘤的影像学研究显示为圆形、通常呈分叶状的异质性肿块，包含软组织成分，伴有液体和脂肪衰减。20% - 43%的病例存在钙化。精原细胞瘤为均匀软组织衰减的大肿块。恶性非精原生殖细胞肿瘤是异质性肿瘤，由于侵犯相邻结构而边界不规则。CT可显示肿瘤的位置和范围以及包括软组织、脂肪、液体和钙化在内的内在成分。CT是这些肿瘤诊断评估的首选检查方法。MRI显示肿块信号强度不均匀，在通过脂肪平面消失来描绘相邻结构浸润方面更敏感，作为辅助检查进行。