Hollund B E, Moen B E, Lygre S H, Florvaag E, Omenaas E
Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Bergen, Ulriksdal 8C, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
Occup Environ Med. 2001 Dec;58(12):780-5. doi: 10.1136/oem.58.12.780.
To assess respiratory symptoms among hairdressers in Norway.
The study was based on a questionnaire sent to 100 hairdressers (91% responding) and 95 office workers (84% responding). The questionnaire sought information about allergy, respiratory symptoms in the past year, and symptoms after exposures to different types of pollutants, working conditions, and smoking habits. A population based control group was established because the hairdressers and office workers differed in age and smoking habits.
The prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the past year did not differ significantly between hairdressers and office workers after adjusting for age, atopy, and smoking. The hairdressers over 40 years of age reported significantly more symptoms-such as wheezing and breathlessness-in the past year than the office workers of the same age. Compared with the population based control group, both hairdressers younger than 30 and those over 40 reported more symptoms-such as breathlessness in the past year. The oldest hairdressers reported such symptoms as wheezing and breathlessness more often than did the younger hairdressers. These differences in breathlessness were significant after adjusting for smoking and wheezing. The same trend was not found among the office workers. The hairdressers reported significantly more wheezing, breathlessness, runny eyes, and blocked or runny nose from exposure to hair dyes, permanent oils, bleaching powder, and other chemicals used in a hairdressing salon, compared with the office workers. Prevalence of symptoms during exposure to other types of generel pollutants was similar in the two groups.
Hairdressers are exposed to low levels of various irritating chemicals every day. The prevalences of acute symptoms related to the exposure of hairdressers to hairdressing chemicals are very high. Hairdressers, especially the oldest hairdressers, have more asthma-like symptoms than the control groups.
评估挪威美发师的呼吸道症状。
该研究基于向100名美发师（91%回复）和95名办公室职员（84%回复）发放的问卷。问卷旨在收集有关过敏、过去一年的呼吸道症状、接触不同类型污染物后的症状、工作条件和吸烟习惯的信息。由于美发师和办公室职员在年龄和吸烟习惯上存在差异，因此设立了一个基于人群的对照组。
在调整年龄、特应性和吸烟因素后，美发师和办公室职员过去一年呼吸道症状的患病率无显著差异。40岁以上的美发师报告过去一年出现喘息和呼吸急促等症状的频率明显高于同龄办公室职员。与基于人群的对照组相比，30岁以下和40岁以上的美发师过去一年都报告了更多诸如呼吸急促等症状。年龄最大的美发师报告喘息和呼吸急促等症状的频率高于年轻美发师。在调整吸烟和喘息因素后，这些呼吸急促方面的差异具有统计学意义。办公室职员中未发现相同趋势。与办公室职员相比，美发师接触染发剂、定型油、漂白粉和美发沙龙使用的其他化学品后，报告的喘息、呼吸急促、眼睛流泪以及鼻塞或流涕症状明显更多。两组接触其他类型一般污染物期间症状的患病率相似。
美发师每天接触低水平的各种刺激性化学物质。美发师接触美发化学物质后出现急性症状的患病率非常高。美发师，尤其是年龄最大的美发师，比对照组有更多类似哮喘的症状。
