Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Region Örebro County, PO Box 1613, 701 16, Örebro, Sweden.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Aug 18;23(1):1576. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16446-5.
Working as a hairdresser involves combined exposure to multiple chemicals in hair treatment products that may induce symptoms in airways and skin.
In this cross-sectional study, perceived symptoms among Swedish hairdressers at 10 hair salons were surveyed through a questionnaire. Associations with personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including aldehydes, and their corresponding hazard index (HI), based on the estimated risk for non-cancer health effects, were examined. The prevalence of four out of 11 symptoms was compared to available reference datasets from two other studies of office workers and school staff.
All 11 surveyed symptoms were reported among the hairdressers (n = 38). For the whole study group, the most prevalent symptoms were dripping nose (n = 7) and headache (n = 7), followed by eczema (n = 6), stuffed nose (n = 5), cough (n = 5) and discomfort with strong odors (n = 5). Significant relationships between exposure and symptoms were scarce. The exception was total VOC (TVOC) exposure adjusted to worked years in the profession; a difference was observed for any symptom between hairdressers in the group with 20 + years compared to 0-5 years in the profession (logistic regression, OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.001-0.70). Out of the four symptoms available for comparison, the prevalence of headache and cough was significantly higher in hairdressers than in controls (OR 5.18, 95% CI 1.86-13.43 and OR 4.68, 95% CI 1.17-16.07, respectively).
Adverse health effects related to occupation was common among the hairdressers, implying a need for exposure control measures in hair salons. Symptoms of headache and cough were more frequently reported by hairdressers than staff in offices and schools. A healthy worker effect among the hairdressers was indicated in the group with 20 + years compared to 0-5 years in the profession. Significant relationships between measured exposure and symptoms were scarce but gave information about advantages and disadvantages of the different exposure measures. The study design could be improved by increasing the size of the study population, using a better match of reference data and increasing the applicability and representability over time of the measured exposure.
理发师的工作涉及到在头发处理产品中同时接触多种化学物质，这可能会导致气道和皮肤出现症状。
在这项横断面研究中，通过问卷调查了瑞典 10 家美发沙龙的理发师感知到的症状。根据非癌症健康影响的估计风险，研究了个人接触挥发性有机化合物（VOC），包括醛，及其相应的危害指数（HI）与症状之间的关系。将四种症状中的 11 种与另外两项针对办公室工作人员和学校工作人员的研究的可用参考数据集进行了比较。
所有 11 种调查到的症状均在理发师中报告（n=38）。对于整个研究组，最常见的症状是流鼻涕（n=7）和头痛（n=7），其次是湿疹（n=6）、鼻塞（n=5）、咳嗽（n=5）和对强烈气味的不适（n=5）。暴露与症状之间的关系很少有显著关系。例外的是职业工作年限调整后的总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）暴露；与职业工作 0-5 年的理发师相比，工作 20 年以上的理发师的任何症状之间都存在差异（逻辑回归，OR 0.03，95%CI 0.001-0.70）。在可比较的四种症状中，头痛和咳嗽在理发师中的患病率明显高于对照组（OR 5.18，95%CI 1.86-13.43 和 OR 4.68，95%CI 1.17-16.07）。
与职业相关的不良健康影响在理发师中很常见，这表明需要在美发沙龙中采取暴露控制措施。头痛和咳嗽等症状在理发师中的报告频率高于办公室和学校的工作人员。在职业工作 20 年以上的理发师中，存在健康工人效应。在职业工作 0-5 年的理发师中，暴露与症状之间的关系很少，但提供了有关不同暴露测量的优缺点的信息。通过增加研究人群的规模、更好地匹配参考数据以及随着时间的推移提高测量暴露的适用性和代表性，可以改进研究设计。
