Viano D C, Olsen S
General Motors R&D Center, Warren, Michigan 48090-9055, USA.
J Trauma. 2001 Nov;51(5):959-69. doi: 10.1097/00005373-200111000-00022.
Whiplash injury claims have increased for two decades and manual head restraints are often incorrectly adjusted. A Self-Aligning Head Restraint (SAHR) was designed to move upward and forward by occupant motion in a rear crash providing earlier neck support, even when the head restraint is positioned low. This study determines its field effectiveness.
Insurance records were analyzed for consecutive Saab rear crashes in Sweden over 18 months. The Saab 9000/900 had standard head restraints and Saab 9-5/9-3 had SAHR. A questionnaire was mailed to the occupants, insurance and medical records were reviewed, and phone interviews were conducted.
SAHR reduced whiplash injury risks by 75 +/- 11% from an 18 +/- 5% incidence in 85 occupants with standard head restraints to 4 +/- 3% in 92 occupants with SAHR. No SAHR seat required repair or replacement after the crashes.
SAHR is effective in reducing whiplash injury in rear crashes and is a passive public-health approach that works irrespective of manual head-restraint adjustment.
二十年来，挥鞭样损伤索赔不断增加，手动头枕常常调整不当。自对准头枕（SAHR）的设计目的是在追尾碰撞时，随着驾乘人员的动作向上向前移动，即使头枕位置较低，也能更早地为颈部提供支撑。本研究旨在确定其实际效果。
对瑞典连续18个月内萨博汽车的追尾碰撞保险记录进行分析。萨博9000/900配备标准头枕，萨博9 - 5/9 - 3配备SAHR。向驾乘人员邮寄了问卷，查阅了保险和医疗记录，并进行了电话访谈。
SAHR将挥鞭样损伤风险降低了75±11%，配备标准头枕的85名驾乘人员的损伤发生率为18±5%，而配备SAHR的92名驾乘人员的损伤发生率为4±3%。碰撞后，没有SAHR座椅需要维修或更换。
SAHR在减少追尾碰撞中的挥鞭样损伤方面有效，是一种被动的公共卫生措施，无论手动头枕如何调整均能发挥作用。
