Takekawa J Y, Wainwright-De La Cruz S E, Hothem R L, Yee J
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, P.O. Box 2012, Vallejo, California 94592, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2002 Jan;42(1):60-70. doi: 10.1007/s002440010292.
In wild waterfowl, poor winter body condition may negatively affect migration, survival, and reproduction. Environmental contaminants have been shown to adversely affect the body condition of captive birds, but few field studies have examined body condition and contaminants in wild birds during the winter. We assessed the body condition of carcasses from a collection of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and lesser (A. affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila) wintering in coastal California. We used Akaike information criterion (AIC) to select the model with the best balance of parsimony and goodness of fit that related indices of body condition with concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Se, and Zn. Total ash-free protein in canvasbacks decreased with increasing Se concentrations, and pancreas mass decreased with increasing Hg. We combined the closely related lesser and greater scaup in analyses and found that total carcass fat, pancreas mass, and carcass mass decreased with increasing Zn concentrations, and pancreas mass decreased with increasing Hg. Our AIC analysis indicated that some indices of body condition in diving ducks were inversely related to some environmental contaminants in this collection, but additional AIC analyses should be conducted across a wider range of contaminant concentrations to corroborate our findings.
在野生水禽中，冬季身体状况不佳可能会对其迁徙、生存和繁殖产生负面影响。环境污染物已被证明会对圈养鸟类的身体状况产生不利影响，但很少有野外研究在冬季考察野生鸟类的身体状况和污染物情况。我们评估了在加利福尼亚州沿海越冬的一群帆背潜鸭（Aythya valisineria）、小潜鸭（A. affinis）和斑背潜鸭（A. marila）尸体的身体状况。我们使用赤池信息准则（AIC）来选择在简约性和拟合优度之间达到最佳平衡的模型，该模型将身体状况指标与镉、铜、汞、硒和锌的浓度联系起来。帆背潜鸭的无灰总蛋白随着硒浓度的增加而降低，胰腺质量随着汞浓度的增加而降低。我们在分析中将亲缘关系较近的小潜鸭和斑背潜鸭合并，发现尸体总脂肪、胰腺质量和尸体质量随着锌浓度的增加而降低，胰腺质量随着汞浓度的增加而降低。我们的AIC分析表明，在这个样本中，潜鸭的一些身体状况指标与某些环境污染物呈负相关，但应该在更广泛的污染物浓度范围内进行额外的AIC分析，以证实我们研究结果。
