Cohen J B, Barclay J S, Major A R, Fisher J P
Wildlife Conservation Research Center, Department of Natural Resources Management and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Box U-87, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4087, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000 Jan;38(1):83-92. doi: 10.1007/s002449910011.
Tissues of greater scaup (Aythya marila mariloides) and components of their habitat (sediment, plankton, macroalgae, and invertebrates) were collected for heavy metal analysis in the winter of 1996-97 from US Department of the Interior wildlife refuges in the Long Island region. Geographic and temporal relationships between the concentration of nine metals in tissue and in habitat components were examined. In greater scaup tissues and habitat components, concentrations of As and Se were highest in Branford, Connecticut; Pb values were greatest in Oyster Bay, New York; and Hg concentrations were largest in Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Over the course of the winter, the concentration of Hg in liver increased, and concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn in kidney decreased. Based on several criteria derived from geographic and temporal trends, metals were ranked using the apparent biomonitoring efficacy of greater scaup (As = Cr > Cu = Pb = Zn = Hg > Se = Cd > Ni). Although the seasonal migration and daily mobility of greater scaup are drawbacks to using this species as a sentinel for metal pollution, it was possible to demonstrate a relationship between geographic and temporal patterns of metals in habitat and greater scaup tissue. However, most metal concentrations in tissue were below thresholds known to adversely affect health of waterfowl.
1996 - 1997年冬季，从美国内政部长岛地区的野生动物保护区采集了黑海番鸭（Aythya marila mariloides）的组织及其栖息地组成部分（沉积物、浮游生物、大型藻类和无脊椎动物）用于重金属分析。研究了组织和栖息地组成部分中九种金属浓度之间的地理和时间关系。在黑海番鸭组织和栖息地组成部分中，康涅狄格州布兰福德的砷和硒浓度最高；纽约牡蛎湾的铅含量最高；新泽西州桑迪胡克的汞浓度最高。在整个冬季，肝脏中的汞浓度升高，而肾脏中的镉、铬、铜、汞、铅、硒和锌浓度降低。根据从地理和时间趋势得出的几个标准，利用黑海番鸭的表观生物监测效能对金属进行了排名（砷 = 铬 > 铜 = 铅 = 锌 = 汞 > 硒 = 镉 > 镍）。尽管黑海番鸭的季节性迁徙和日常活动能力是将该物种用作金属污染哨兵的不利因素，但仍有可能证明栖息地和黑海番鸭组织中金属的地理和时间模式之间的关系。然而，组织中的大多数金属浓度低于已知会对水禽健康产生不利影响的阈值。
