Viestenz A, Küchle M
Augenklinik mit Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen.
Ophthalmologe. 2005 Jan;102(1):89-99; quiz 100-1. doi: 10.1007/s00347-004-1137-7.
This review presents typical patterns of posterior segment injuries as well as diagnostic and therapeutic considerations after ocular contusion or rupture of the globe. Vitreal prolapse is associated with retinal detachment (20%), iridodialysis or ciliary body cleft (43%), and contusion cataract (41%). Berlin's edema (35%) and retinal detachment (5-7%) are frequent after ocular contusion. In cases of central Berlin's edema, choroidal infarction (Hutchinson-Siegrist-Neubauer syndrome) or choroidal rupture, macular hole or choroidal neovascularization should be ruled out. A central choroidal rupture is often associated with choroidal neovascularization (14-20%). Globe ruptures (5% of blunt injuries) are associated with hyphema grades III and IV (58 vs 5% in ocular contusions). The prognosis of globe ruptures to develop a visual function <20/200 is 51 times more frequent than in eyes with contusion. The risk of trauma-induced globe ruptures is higher in eyes after cataract surgery (27 x) (in females 5 x).
本综述介绍了眼球钝挫伤或破裂后眼后段损伤的典型模式以及诊断和治疗注意事项。玻璃体脱出与视网膜脱离（20%）、虹膜根部离断或睫状体裂伤（43%）以及挫伤性白内障（41%）相关。眼球钝挫伤后常出现柏林水肿（35%）和视网膜脱离（5 - 7%）。在中央性柏林水肿的病例中，应排除脉络膜梗死（哈钦森 - 西格里斯 - 诺伊鲍尔综合征）或脉络膜破裂、黄斑裂孔或脉络膜新生血管。中央性脉络膜破裂常与脉络膜新生血管（14 - 20%）相关。眼球破裂（钝挫伤的5%）与III级和IV级前房积血相关（58%对比眼球钝挫伤的5%）。眼球破裂发展为视力<20/200的预后比钝挫伤眼高51倍。白内障手术后的眼发生创伤性眼球破裂的风险更高（27倍）（女性为5倍）。
