Fluit A C, Verhoef J, Schmitz F J
Eijkman-Winkler Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001 Sep;20(9):617-25. doi: 10.1007/s100960100564.
A total of 3,981 isolates from patients treated at intensive care units were collected in 25 European university hospitals during 1997 and 1998 as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Overall, the most important species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Enterobacter spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. Thirty-nine percent of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin. All Staphylococcus aureus isolates were fully susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin. Moreover, all CNS isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and minocycline. All Enterococcus faecalis isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, and 99% of these isolates were also susceptible to ampicillin. The antimicrobial agents most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, and cefepime, with 87, 85, 84, and 83% of isolates being susceptible, respectively. Escherichia coli isolates were fully susceptible to carbapenems, and at least 99% of these isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefepime, and amikacin. The Enterobacter spp. were also highly susceptible to carbapenems, amikacin, and cefepime, with 99, 97, and 96% of isolates being susceptible, respectively. Haemophilus influenzae was susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested. Only 68% of the pneumococcal isolates were fully susceptible to penicillin, yet 100% were susceptible to a number of fluoroquinolones and vancomycin. There are still sufficient treatment options for patients infected with the most important bacterial species involved in infections in intensive care units. However, the situation for patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is critical.
作为哨兵抗菌监测计划的一部分，1997年至1998年期间，在25家欧洲大学医院收集了重症监护病房患者的3981株分离菌。总体而言，分离出的最重要菌种为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）、肠杆菌属、流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和粪肠球菌。所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中39%对苯唑西林耐药。所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对利奈唑胺和万古霉素完全敏感。此外，所有CNS分离株对万古霉素和米诺环素敏感。所有粪肠球菌分离株对万古霉素敏感，其中99%对氨苄西林也敏感。对铜绿假单胞菌分离株最有效的抗菌药物是阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、美罗培南和头孢吡肟，分别有87%、85%、84%和83%的分离株敏感。大肠埃希菌分离株对碳青霉烯类完全敏感，其中至少99%对头孢曲松、头孢吡肟和阿米卡星敏感。肠杆菌属对碳青霉烯类、阿米卡星和头孢吡肟也高度敏感，分别有99%、97%和96%的分离株敏感。流感嗜血杆菌对大多数测试抗生素敏感。仅68%的肺炎链球菌分离株对青霉素完全敏感，但100%对多种氟喹诺酮类药物和万古霉素敏感。对于感染重症监护病房中最重要细菌菌种的患者，仍有足够的治疗选择。然而，铜绿假单胞菌感染患者的情况危急。
