Venn A J, Yemaneberhan H, Bekele Z, Lewis S A, Parry E, Britton J
Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 1;164(9):1660-4. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2103101.
Allergic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in developing countries, consistent with an environmental etiology associated with affluence or urbanization. We have tested the hypothesis that the risk of allergy is increased by the use of non-biomass fuels (kerosene, gas or electricity) in the home, using data from a survey of the urban population of Jimma, Ethiopia. Questionnaire data on allergic symptoms, domestic fuel use and lifestyle factors were collected from 9844 adults and children, and allergen skin sensitization measured in a subsample of 2372. Use of any non-biomass fuel was reported by 959 individuals (10%), usually in combination with biomass fuel, and was significantly associated with an increased risk of allergic sensitization (age, sex and socio-economic status adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.78 [1.06 to 2.97]) and wheeze (1.56 [1.07 to 2.26]), rhinitis (2.06 [1.46 to 2.91]) and eczema (2.82 [1.61 to 4.96]) relative to use of biomass fuel only. These effects were predominantly due to kerosene, which was significantly related to all outcomes, and gas, which was strongly related to allergic sensitization. Our findings suggest that domestic combustion of refined fossil fuels increases the risk of allergic sensitization and symptoms, and may have contributed to the increasing prevalence of allergic disease.
过敏性疾病在发展中国家正变得越来越普遍，这与富裕或城市化相关的环境病因一致。我们利用来自埃塞俄比亚吉马城市人口调查的数据，检验了家庭使用非生物质燃料（煤油、煤气或电）会增加过敏风险这一假设。从9844名成人和儿童中收集了关于过敏症状、家庭燃料使用和生活方式因素的问卷数据，并在2372人的子样本中测量了过敏原皮肤致敏情况。959人（10%）报告使用了任何非生物质燃料，通常与生物质燃料混合使用，且与过敏致敏风险增加显著相关（年龄、性别和社会经济地位调整后的优势比（95%置信区间）=1.78[1.06至2.97]），与喘息（1.56[1.07至2.26]）、鼻炎（2.06[1.46至2.91]）和湿疹（2.82[1.61至4.96]）相比，仅使用生物质燃料时风险增加。这些影响主要归因于煤油，它与所有结果均显著相关，以及煤气，它与过敏致敏密切相关。我们的研究结果表明，精炼化石燃料的家庭燃烧会增加过敏致敏和症状的风险，可能导致了过敏性疾病患病率的上升。
