Mahley R W, Arslan P, Pekcan G, Pépin G M, Ağaçdiken A, Karaağoğlu N, Rakicioğlu N, Nursal B, Dayanikli P, Palaoğlu K E, Bersot T P
Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100, USA.
J Lipid Res. 2001 Dec;42(12):1996-2006.
In Turkish adults, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are 10-15 mg/dl lower than those of adults in western Europe and the United States. In this study, we determined whether HDL-C levels in Turks are low from birth to adulthood and assessed the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Analyses of cord blood from 105 Turkish newborns showed low levels of plasma cholesterol ( approximately 60 mg/dl) and HDL-C (approximately 30 mg/dl), consistent with results from other Western ethnic groups. Prepubescent 8- to 10-year-old Turkish boys and girls of upper (n = 82) and lower (n = 143) SES had high HDL-C levels (50-60 mg/dl) similar to those of western European children. However, the cholesterol (154-158 mg/dl) and HDL-C (55-58 mg/dl) levels of upper SES children were approximately 25 and approximately 12 mg/dl higher, respectively, than those of lower SES children. Height, weight, skinfold thickness, and estimated body fat were greater in the upper SES children and appeared to reflect dietary differences. Upper SES children consumed more total fat (approximately 35% vs. 25% of total calories), including more saturated fat of animal origin, and less carbohydrate (approximately 50% vs. 62% of total calories), consistent with their elevated plasma cholesterol levels. Carbohydrate intake correlated inversely with the HDL-C level. The HDL-C levels in the prepubescent children, especially those of higher SES, who consumed diets more like western Europeans, decreased markedly to adult levels, with males exhibiting a approximately 20 mg/dl decrease (from 58 to 37 mg/dl) and females a approximately 13 mg/dl decrease (from 55 to 42 mg/dl). SES did not affect HDL-C levels in adults. The profound decrease may reflect alterations in androgen/estrogen balance in Turks at puberty and a modulation of hepatic lipase affecting HDL-C levels.
在土耳其成年人中，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平比西欧和美国的成年人低10 - 15毫克/分升。在本研究中，我们确定了土耳其人从出生到成年的HDL-C水平是否偏低，并评估了社会经济地位（SES）对血脂和脂蛋白的影响。对105名土耳其新生儿的脐带血分析显示，血浆胆固醇（约60毫克/分升）和HDL-C（约30毫克/分升）水平较低，这与其他西方种族群体的结果一致。社会经济地位较高（n = 82）和较低（n = 143）的8至10岁青春期前土耳其男孩和女孩的HDL-C水平较高（50 - 60毫克/分升），与西欧儿童相似。然而，社会经济地位较高的儿童的胆固醇（154 - 158毫克/分升）和HDL-C（55 - 58毫克/分升）水平分别比社会经济地位较低的儿童高约25毫克/分升和约12毫克/分升。社会经济地位较高的儿童身高、体重、皮褶厚度和估计体脂更高，这似乎反映了饮食差异。社会经济地位较高的儿童摄入的总脂肪更多（约占总热量的35%，而社会经济地位较低的儿童为25%），包括更多动物源性饱和脂肪，而碳水化合物摄入更少（约占总热量的50%，而社会经济地位较低的儿童为62%），这与他们升高的血浆胆固醇水平一致。碳水化合物摄入量与HDL-C水平呈负相关。青春期前儿童，尤其是那些饮食更像西欧人的社会经济地位较高的儿童，其HDL-C水平显著下降至成人水平，男性下降约20毫克/分升（从58降至37毫克/分升），女性下降约13毫克/分升（从55降至42毫克/分升）。社会经济地位对成年人的HDL-C水平没有影响。这种显著下降可能反映了土耳其人在青春期雄激素/雌激素平衡的改变以及影响HDL-C水平肝脂酶的调节。
