Hall J L
School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Biomedical Sciences Building, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK.
J Exp Bot. 2002 Jan;53(366):1-11.
Heavy metals such as Cu and Zn are essential for normal plant growth, although elevated concentrations of both essential and non-essential metals can result in growth inhibition and toxicity symptoms. Plants possess a range of potential cellular mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals and thus tolerance to metal stress. These include roles for the following: for mycorrhiza and for binding to cell wall and extracellular exudates; for reduced uptake or efflux pumping of metals at the plasma membrane; for chelation of metals in the cytosol by peptides such as phytochelatins; for the repair of stress-damaged proteins; and for the compartmentation of metals in the vacuole by tonoplast-located transporters. This review provides a broad overview of the evidence for an involvement of each mechanism in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance.
铜和锌等重金属对植物正常生长至关重要，不过，必需金属和非必需金属浓度升高都会导致生长抑制和毒性症状。植物拥有一系列潜在的细胞机制，可能参与重金属解毒并因此耐受金属胁迫。这些机制包括以下方面的作用：菌根以及与细胞壁和细胞外分泌物结合；在质膜处减少金属的吸收或通过外排泵排出；通过植物螯合肽等肽类在细胞质中螯合金属；修复受胁迫损伤的蛋白质；以及通过液泡膜定位的转运蛋白将金属分隔在液泡中。本综述广泛概述了每种机制参与重金属解毒和耐受的证据。
