Ricks D M, Wing L
J Autism Child Schizophr. 1975 Sep;5(3):191-221. doi: 10.1007/BF01538152.
The characteristics of language and other forms of communication in normal and autistic children are described. The main basis of comparison is the extent to which each group can comprehend and use spoken and nonspoken language and also develop inner language. It is suggested that the central problem in early childhood autism is an impairment of complex symbolic function affecting all forms of communication. This problem can occur on its own, but, in the majority of cases, it is associated with other impairments of the central nervous system. The relationship of early childhood autism to mental retardation and to normal intellectual function is discussed.
本文描述了正常儿童和自闭症儿童在语言及其他交流形式方面的特征。主要的比较依据是每组儿童理解和运用口语及非口语语言并发展内部语言的程度。研究表明，儿童早期自闭症的核心问题是影响所有交流形式的复杂符号功能受损。这个问题可能单独出现，但在大多数情况下，它与中枢神经系统的其他损伤有关。本文还讨论了儿童早期自闭症与智力迟钝及正常智力功能之间的关系。
