Groneck P
Neonatologie und pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Kliniken der Stadt Köln, Kinderkrankenhaus, Köln, Germany.
Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2001 Nov-Dec;205(6):231-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-19055.
Glucocorticosteroids are administered antenatally and postnatally to decrease pulmonary morbidity of preterm neonates. One course of antenatal corticosteroids decreases mortality, and the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage. However, multiple courses may be associated with impaired brain development. Follow-up studies are needed to assess long-term consequences. The use of betamethasone may be of advantage compared to dexamethasone. Postnatally, steroids are given to treat or prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, recent studies have shown that treatment with dexamethasone increases the rate of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Postnatal treatment of BPD with steroids should be restricted to life-threatening situations.
产前和产后均使用糖皮质激素来降低早产儿的肺部发病率。一个疗程的产前糖皮质激素可降低死亡率、呼吸窘迫综合征和脑室内出血的发生率。然而，多个疗程可能与脑发育受损有关。需要进行随访研究以评估长期后果。与地塞米松相比，使用倍他米松可能具有优势。产后给予类固醇用于治疗或预防支气管肺发育不良（BPD）。然而，最近的研究表明，地塞米松治疗会增加早产儿患脑瘫的几率。产后使用类固醇治疗BPD应仅限于危及生命的情况。
