Dutkiewicz J, Olenchock S, Krysińska-Traczyk E, Skórska C, Sitkowska J, Prazmo Z
Department of Occupational Biohazards, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2001;8(2):191-9.
Microbiological air sampling was performed in one fiberboard factory and two chipboard factories located in south-eastern Poland. It was found that the levels of bacteria, fungi, dust and bacterial endotoxin in the air of examined facilities were high during initial stages of the production cycle (shredding of waste wood, storing of chips) and then sharply decreased during further stages of this cycle (forming and formatting of the boards). In the fiberboard factory, the concentration of airborne microorganisms at the initial stages of production cycle was 71.8-95.2 x 10(3) cfu/m3 and dropped in further stages to the level of 8.4-17.5 x 10(3) cfu/m3. Fungi (mostly Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium spp.) were prevailing microorganisms in the air of the fiberboard factory, forming 46.0-87.3% of the total airborne microflora. The concentrations of microorganisms in the air of the chipboard factories were significantly lower compared to the fiberboard factory (p<0.05). During initial stages of production cycle they were within the range of 12.9-101.5 x 10(3) cfu/m3, while during forming and formatting of boards within the range of 5.3-12.4 x 10(3) cfu/m3. On average, the most common microorganisms in the air of the chipboard factories were corynebacteria (mostly Arthrobacter spp. and Corynebacterium spp.) which formed 24.4-64.6% of the total microflora. The values of the respirable fraction of airborne microflora in the fiberboard and chipboard factories varied within a fairly wide range and were between 20.5-91.1%. Altogether, 38 species or genera of bacteria and 16 species or genera of fungi were identified in the air of examined factories, of which respectively 14 and 9 species or genera were reported as having allergenic and/or immunotoxic properties. The concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the air of examined factories was greatest, similarly to the concentration of microorganisms, during the initial stages of the production cycle: 103.1-1974.0 EU/m3 in the fiberboard factory, and 3.2-217.4 EU/m3 in chipboard factories. In conclusion, the workers of fiberboard and chipboard factories may be exposed during the initial stages of the production cycle (shredding of waste wood, storing of chips) to high levels of airborne microorganisms and endotoxin posing respiratory hazard.
在位于波兰东南部的一家纤维板厂和两家刨花板厂进行了微生物空气采样。结果发现，在所检测工厂的空气中，细菌、真菌、粉尘和细菌内毒素水平在生产周期的初始阶段（废木材切碎、木屑储存）较高，然后在该周期的后续阶段（板材成型和加工）急剧下降。在纤维板厂，生产周期初始阶段空气中微生物的浓度为71.8 - 95.2×10³ cfu/m³，在后续阶段降至8.4 - 17.5×10³ cfu/m³的水平。真菌（主要是烟曲霉和青霉属）是纤维板厂空气中的主要微生物，占空气微生物群落总数的46.0 - 87.3%。与纤维板厂相比，刨花板厂空气中微生物的浓度显著较低（p<0.05）。在生产周期的初始阶段，其浓度范围为12.9 - 101.5×10³ cfu/m³，而在板材成型和加工阶段，浓度范围为5.3 - 12.4×10³ cfu/m³。平均而言，刨花板厂空气中最常见的微生物是棒状杆菌（主要是节杆菌属和棒状杆菌属），占微生物群落总数的24.4 - 64.6%。纤维板厂和刨花板厂空气中可吸入微生物部分的值在相当宽的范围内变化，介于20.5 - 91.1%之间。在所检测工厂的空气中总共鉴定出38种或属的细菌和16种或属的真菌，其中分别有14种和9种或属被报告具有致敏和/或免疫毒性特性。与微生物浓度类似，在所检测工厂的空气中，细菌内毒素浓度在生产周期的初始阶段最高：纤维板厂为103.1 - 1974.0 EU/m³，刨花板厂为3.2 - 217.4 EU/m³。总之，纤维板厂和刨花板厂的工人在生产周期的初始阶段（废木材切碎、木屑储存）可能会接触到高水平的空气传播微生物和内毒素，从而构成呼吸危害。
