Krysińska-Traczyk Ewa, Skórska Czesława, Prazmo Zofia, Sitkowska Jolanta, Cholewa Grazyna, Dutkiewicz Jacek
Department of Occupational Biohazards, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2004;11(2):309-17.
Microbiological air sampling was performed on 5 flax farms located in eastern Poland. Air samples for determination of the concentrations of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin were collected in barns during machine scutching of flax stems by the farmers. The concentrations of mesophilic bacteria ranged from 203.5-698.8 x 10(3) cfu/m3, of Gram-negative bacteria from 27.2-123.4 x 10(3) cfu/m3, of thermophilic actinomycetes from 0.5-2.6 x 10(3) cfu/m3, and of fungi from 23.4-99.8 x 10(3) cfu/m3. The concentrations of total airborne microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) were within a range of 245.0-741.0 x 10(3) cfu/m3. The values of the respirable fraction of total airborne microflora on the examined farms were between 45.5-98.3%. Corynebacteria (irregular Gram-positive rods, mostly Corynebacterium spp.) were dominant at all sampling sites, forming 46.8-67.8% of the total airborne microflora. Among Gram-negative bacteria, the most numerous species was Pantoea agglomerans (synonyms: Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans), known to have strong endotoxic and allergenic properties. Among fungi, the allergenic species Alternaria alternata prevailed. Altogether, 25 species or genera of bacteria and 10 species or genera of fungi were identified in the farm air during flax scutching; of these, 11 and 6 species or genera respectively were reported as having allergenic and/or immunotoxic properties. The concentrations of airborne dust ranged within 43.7-648.1 mg/m3 (median 93.6 mg/m3), exceeding on all farms the Polish OEL value of 4 mg/m3. The concentrations of airborne endotoxin ranged within 16.9-172.1 microg/m3 (median 30.0 microg/m3), exceeding at all sampling sites the suggested OEL value of 0.2 microg/m). In conclusion, flax farmers performing machine scutching of flax could be exposed to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin, posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease.
在位于波兰东部的5个亚麻农场进行了微生物空气采样。在农民对亚麻茎进行机械打麻时，于谷仓中采集空气样本，以测定微生物、粉尘和内毒素的浓度。嗜温细菌浓度范围为203.5 - 698.8×10³ cfu/m³，革兰氏阴性菌浓度范围为27.2 - 123.4×10³ cfu/m³，嗜热放线菌浓度范围为0.5 - 2.6×10³ cfu/m³，真菌浓度范围为23.4 - 99.8×10³ cfu/m³。空气中微生物总数（细菌 + 真菌）浓度范围为245.0 - 741.0×10³ cfu/m³。在所检测农场中，空气中微生物群落可吸入部分的值在45.5% - 98.3%之间。棒状杆菌（不规则革兰氏阳性杆菌，主要是棒状杆菌属）在所有采样点均占主导地位，占空气中微生物群落总数的46.8% - 67.8%。在革兰氏阴性菌中，数量最多的物种是成团泛菌（同义词：草本欧文氏菌、成团肠杆菌），已知其具有很强的内毒素和致敏特性。在真菌中，致敏物种链格孢占优势。在亚麻打麻期间，农场空气中共鉴定出25种或属的细菌和10种或属的真菌；其中，分别有11种和6种或属被报告具有致敏和/或免疫毒性特性。空气中粉尘浓度范围为43.7 - 648.1 mg/m³（中位数93.6 mg/m³），所有农场的粉尘浓度均超过了波兰职业接触限值4 mg/m³。空气中内毒素浓度范围为16.9 - 172.1 μg/m³（中位数30.0 μg/m³），所有采样点的内毒素浓度均超过了建议的职业接触限值0.2 μg/m³。总之，进行亚麻机械打麻的亚麻种植农民可能会接触到高浓度的空气传播微生物、粉尘和内毒素，从而面临与工作相关的呼吸道疾病风险。
