Craighero Laila, Bello Arianna, Fadiga Luciano, Rizzolatti Giacomo
Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Università di Parma, via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy.
Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(5):492-502. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00134-8.
The relations between stimuli triggering a hand grasping movement and the subsequent action were studied in normal human participants. Participants were instructed to prepare to grasp a bar, oriented either clockwise or counterclockwise, and to grasp it as fast as possible on presentation of a visual stimulus with their right hand. The visual stimuli were pictures of the right hand as seen in a mirror. In Experiment 1, they represented the mirror image of the hand final posture as achieved in grasping the bar oriented either clockwise or counterclockwise. In Experiment 2, in addition to the pictures of Experiment 1, another two pictures, obtained rotating the hands represented in the previous ones of 90 degrees, were also used. Both experiments showed that the reaction times were faster when there was a similarity between hand position as depicted in the triggering visual stimulus and the grasping hand final position, the fastest responses being those where this similarity was the closest. In addition, Experiment 2 showed that reaction times to not rotated stimuli were faster than reaction times to the rotated stimuli, thus excluding a simple stimulus-response compatibility explanation of the findings. The data are interpreted as behavioral evidence that there is a close link between specific visual stimuli and specific motor actions. A neurophysiological model for this visuo-motor link is presented.
在正常人类参与者中研究了触发手部抓握动作的刺激与后续动作之间的关系。参与者被指示准备抓握一根横杆，横杆的方向为顺时针或逆时针，并且在出现视觉刺激时用右手尽可能快地抓握它。视觉刺激是镜子中看到的右手图片。在实验1中，它们代表了在抓握顺时针或逆时针方向的横杆时所达到的手部最终姿势的镜像。在实验2中，除了实验1中的图片外，还使用了另外两张图片，这两张图片是将先前图片中的手旋转90度得到的。两个实验均表明，当触发视觉刺激中描绘的手部位置与抓握手部的最终位置之间存在相似性时，反应时间更快，最快的反应是这种相似性最接近的情况。此外，实验2表明，对未旋转刺激的反应时间比对旋转刺激的反应时间更快，从而排除了对这些发现的简单刺激-反应兼容性解释。这些数据被解释为行为证据，表明特定视觉刺激与特定运动动作之间存在紧密联系。本文提出了一种用于这种视觉-运动联系的神经生理模型。
