López M E, Mata L, Albertazzi C, Vargas W, Mohs E
Rev Biol Trop. 1978 Dec;26(2):451-65.
The hospital records of 478 children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) were reviewed. These represented all children diagnosed as malnourished during 1975 (3.6 per cent of all hospital admittances in the National Children's Hospital); 52% of the cases were infants less than 6 months of age; 28% had low birth weight, a rate much in excess of the prevalence of low birth weight in the general population of Costa Rica (7%). In general, malnourished children had been weaned early, 75% during the first month of life. A considerable number of children belonged to "malnourishing families" which have particular characteristics favorable to establishment of malnutrition in the family. Thus, 36% of their siblings had also been admitted with malnutrition at a previous date to that of this study.
对478名蛋白质-热量营养不良（PCM）儿童的医院记录进行了审查。这些记录涵盖了1975年所有被诊断为营养不良的儿童（占国立儿童医院所有入院病例的3.6%）；52%的病例为6个月以下的婴儿；28%出生体重低，这一比例远高于哥斯达黎加普通人群中低出生体重的患病率（7%）。一般来说，营养不良的儿童断奶较早，75%在出生后的第一个月断奶。相当多的儿童来自“营养不良家庭”，这些家庭具有一些有利于在家庭中形成营养不良的特殊特征。因此，在本研究之前，他们的兄弟姐妹中有36%也曾因营养不良入院。
