Strayer D L, Johnston W A
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-0251, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2001 Nov;12(6):462-6. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00386.
Dual-task studies assessed the effects of cellular-phone conversations on performance of a simulated driving task. Performance was not disrupted by listening to radio broadcasts or listening to a book on tape. Nor was it disrupted by a continuous shadowing task using a handheld phone, ruling out, in this case, dual-task interpretations associated with holding the phone, listening, or speaking, However significant interference was observed in a word-generation variant of the shadowing task, and this deficit increased with the difficulty of driving. Moreover unconstrained conversations using either a handheld or a hands-free cell phone resulted in a twofold increase in the failure to detect simulated traffic signals and slower reactions to those signals that were detected. We suggest that cellular-phone use disrupts performance by diverting attention to an engaging cognitive context other than the one immediately associated with driving.
双任务研究评估了手机通话对模拟驾驶任务表现的影响。听广播或听有声读物不会干扰表现。使用手持电话进行连续跟读任务也不会干扰表现，在这种情况下排除了与手持电话、听或说相关的双任务解释。然而，在跟读任务的一个单词生成变体中观察到了显著干扰，并且这种缺陷随着驾驶难度的增加而增加。此外，使用手持或免提手机进行无限制通话导致未能检测到模拟交通信号的情况增加了两倍，并且对检测到的信号反应更慢。我们认为，使用手机会将注意力转移到与驾驶没有直接关联的引人入胜的认知情境中，从而干扰表现。
