自动意志：行为目标的无意识激活与追求
The automated will: nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals.
作者信息
Bargh J A, Gollwitzer P M, Lee-Chai A, Barndollar K, Trötschel R
机构信息
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA.
出版信息
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001 Dec;81(6):1014-27.
It is proposed that goals can be activated outside of awareness and then operate nonconsciously to guide self-regulation effectively (J. A. Bargh, 1990). Five experiments are reported in which the goal either to perform well or to cooperate was activated, without the awareness of participants, through a priming manipulation. In Experiment 1 priming of the goal to perform well caused participants to perform comparatively better on an intellectual task. In Experiment 2 priming of the goal to cooperate caused participants to replenish a commonly held resource more readily. Experiment 3 used a dissociation paradigm to rule out perceptual-construal alternative explanations. Experiments 4 and 5 demonstrated that action guided by nonconsciously activated goals manifests two classic content-free features of the pursuit of consciously held goals. Nonconsciously activated goals effectively guide action, enabling adaptation to ongoing situational demands.
有人提出，目标可以在意识之外被激活，然后在无意识的情况下运作，以有效地指导自我调节（J. A. 巴格，1990）。本文报告了五项实验，通过启动操作在参与者不知情的情况下激活了表现出色或合作的目标。在实验1中，启动表现出色的目标使参与者在智力任务上表现得相对更好。在实验2中，启动合作的目标使参与者更愿意补充一种常见的资源。实验3使用了分离范式来排除感知解释的替代解释。实验4和5表明，由无意识激活的目标所引导的行动表现出追求有意识持有的目标的两个经典的无内容特征。无意识激活的目标有效地指导行动，使个体能够适应当前的情境需求。
Zotero 插件