Pardaens J, van de Woestijne K P, Clément J
J Appl Physiol. 1975 Aug;39(2):191-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.39.2.191.
Regional lung emptying was simulated by means of a bialveolar lung model. The influence of bronchial asymmetry and the vertical pleural pressure gradient was evaluated. The model suggests that 1) in vivo the influence of the pleural pressure gradient prevails over that of the bronchial asymmetry; 2) in the presence of this gradient, the shape of phases III and IV of the single-breath washout curves obtained following inspiration of a tracer gas bolus at residual volume is determined by the recoil pressure-volume curve of the lung, by the vertical displacements of the alveoli, and,, at higher flow rates, by the elastic characteristics of the airways; 3) if the pleural pressure gradient is independent of lung volume and of flow rate, the factors mentioned in 2 suffice to produce single-breath washout curves (phases III and IV) and regional vs. overall lung volume relationships corresponding to those observed in vivo; 4) the configuration of the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve is relatively insensitive to pulmonary and bronchial asymmetry, at least in healthy individuals.
通过双肺泡肺模型模拟区域肺排空。评估了支气管不对称性和垂直胸膜压力梯度的影响。该模型表明：1）在体内，胸膜压力梯度的影响超过支气管不对称性的影响；2）在存在这种梯度的情况下，在残气量时吸入示踪气体团注后获得的单次呼吸洗脱曲线的III期和IV期的形状，由肺的回缩压力-容积曲线、肺泡的垂直位移以及在较高流速下由气道的弹性特征决定；3）如果胸膜压力梯度与肺容积和流速无关，2中提到的因素足以产生与体内观察到的相对应的单次呼吸洗脱曲线（III期和IV期）以及区域与总体肺容积关系；4）至少在健康个体中，最大呼气流量-容积曲线的形态对肺部和支气管不对称性相对不敏感。
