Kerzel D, Hecht H, Kim N G
Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany.
Percept Psychophys. 2001 Oct;63(7):1153-70. doi: 10.3758/bf03194531.
Current theories of arrival time have difficulty explaining performance in the common but neglected case of nonlinear approach. Global tau, a variable supposed to guide time-to-passage (TTP) judgments of objects approaching on linear trajectories, does not apply to circular movement. However, TTP judgments are surprisingly accurate in such cases. We simulated movement through a three-dimensional cloud of point-lights on various circular trajectories. Arrival-time judgments were found to be above chance when observers had to determine which of two expansionless targets would pass them first. Similar to the inside bias observed in heading studies on circular trajectories, observers showed a strong bias to select the target on the inside of their own curved motion path as passing by first. Analysis of the projected target motion revealed that targets on the inside had lower optical velocities and relatively high optical acceleration rates. Empirical TTP judgments agreed best with a strategy based on relative optical velocity changes.
当前关于到达时间的理论难以解释非线性进近这种常见但被忽视情况下的表现。全局时间常数（Global tau）是一个假定用于指导沿线性轨迹接近物体的通过时间（TTP）判断的变量，并不适用于圆周运动。然而，在这种情况下，TTP判断却出奇地准确。我们模拟了在各种圆周轨迹上通过三维点光源云的运动。当观察者必须确定两个无膨胀目标中哪个会先经过他们时，发现到达时间判断高于随机水平。与在圆周轨迹航向研究中观察到的内侧偏向类似，观察者表现出强烈的偏向，即选择其自身弯曲运动路径内侧的目标作为先经过的目标。对投影目标运动的分析表明，内侧的目标具有较低的视速度和相对较高的视加速度率。经验性的TTP判断与基于相对视速度变化的策略最为吻合。
