Neu Josef, DeMarco Vincent, Li Nan
Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 326-0296, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Jan;5(1):69-75. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200201000-00013.
Supplementation of the conditionally essential amino acid glutamine may be beneficial for individuals who are highly stressed and have minimal energy and protein reserves. This includes elderly individuals, postoperative patients, individuals with cancer and very low birthweight infants. Individuals who are undergoing treatment with catabolic glucocorticoids may also benefit. Unfortunately, confusion exists as to situations in which glutamine may be beneficial because a clearly defined "glutamine deficiency syndrome" has not been described as for some other nutrients. In this review, we will discuss how glutamine affects protein metabolism under certain stressful conditions, how it affects intestinal mucosal integrity and how this might relate to sepsis and systemic inflammation. We will also discuss nutrients that are closely related to glutamine such as glutamate, nucleotides, arginine, glucosamines, and ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate and how and why they might be used as substitutes for glutamine.
补充条件必需氨基酸谷氨酰胺可能对处于高度应激状态且能量和蛋白质储备极少的个体有益。这包括老年人、术后患者、癌症患者以及极低出生体重儿。正在接受分解代谢性糖皮质激素治疗的个体也可能从中受益。遗憾的是，由于尚未像其他一些营养素那样描述明确的“谷氨酰胺缺乏综合征”，关于谷氨酰胺可能有益的情况存在混淆。在本综述中，我们将讨论谷氨酰胺在某些应激条件下如何影响蛋白质代谢，它如何影响肠黏膜完整性以及这与脓毒症和全身炎症可能有何关联。我们还将讨论与谷氨酰胺密切相关的营养素，如谷氨酸、核苷酸、精氨酸、氨基葡萄糖和鸟氨酸α - 酮戊二酸，以及它们如何以及为何可作为谷氨酰胺的替代品。
