Kaune W T, Miller M C, Linet M S, Hatch E E, Kleinerman R A, Wacholder S, Mohr A H, Tarone R E, Haines C
EM Factors, Richland, Washington, USA.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2002 Jan;23(1):14-25. doi: 10.1002/bem.94.
A recent epidemiologic study reported associations between leukemia risk in children and their personal use of television (TV) sets, hair dryers, and stereo headsets, and the prenatal use by their mothers of sewing machines. To provide exposure data to aid in the interpretation of these findings, extremely and very low frequency (ELF and VLF) magnetic fields produced by a sample of each type of appliance were characterized in a field study of volunteers conducted in Washington DC and its Maryland suburbs. Questionnaire data regarding children's or mothers' patterns of usage of each type of appliance were also collected. ELF magnetic fields measured 10 cm from the nozzles of hair dryers were elevated over the ambient by a mean factor of 17 when these devices were in use. Fields near headsets being used to listen to music were not distinguishable from ambient levels except at frequencies below and well above 60 Hz and, even then, field levels were < 0.01 microT. Home sewing machines produced ELF magnetic fields that were elevated by a factor of 2.8 over ambient levels at the front surfaces of the lower abdomens of mothers. Estimated mean daily times of usage of hair dryers, stereo headsets, and sewing machines were 2.6, 19, and 17 minutes, respectively. These data and previously published data on TV sets, do not provide a consistent picture of increased (or decreased) leukemia risk in relation to increasing peak or time weighted average (TWA) ELF magnetic field exposure. The data could, however, conceivably be compatible with some more complex biophysical model with unknown properties. Overall, the results of this study provide little evidence supporting the hypothesis that peak or TWA ELF magnetic fields produced by appliances are causally related to the risk of childhood leukemia in children.
最近一项流行病学研究报告称，儿童白血病风险与他们个人使用电视机、吹风机和立体声耳机，以及他们母亲在孕期使用缝纫机之间存在关联。为了提供暴露数据以帮助解释这些研究结果，在华盛顿特区及其马里兰州郊区对志愿者进行的一项现场研究中，对每种电器样本产生的极低频（ELF）和甚低频（VLF）磁场进行了特征描述。还收集了关于儿童或母亲使用每种电器模式的问卷数据。当吹风机使用时，在距离其喷嘴10厘米处测得的ELF磁场比环境磁场平均高出17倍。用于听音乐的耳机附近的磁场，除了在低于和远高于60赫兹的频率外，与环境水平没有区别，即便如此，场强也<0.01微特斯拉。家用缝纫机在母亲下腹部前表面产生的ELF磁场比环境水平高出2.8倍。吹风机、立体声耳机和缝纫机的估计平均每日使用时间分别为2.6分钟、19分钟和17分钟。这些数据以及先前发表的关于电视机的数据，并未提供与白血病风险增加（或降低）相关的、随ELF磁场峰值或时间加权平均值（TWA）增加的一致情况。然而，这些数据可能与一些具有未知特性的更复杂生物物理模型相符。总体而言，本研究结果几乎没有证据支持电器产生的ELF磁场峰值或TWA与儿童患白血病风险存在因果关系这一假设。
