Preece A W, Kaune W, Grainger P, Preece S, Golding J
Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Bristol Oncology Centre, UK.
Phys Med Biol. 1997 Jan;42(1):67-76. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/42/1/004.
In a survey of 50 UK homes the 50 Hz fundamental and harmonic magnetic fields generated by 806 domestic appliances found in the homes, and used regularly by mothers, were measured. Measurements were made in the direction of most likely access, and from the surface of the appliances. Mothers completed a questionnaire on the use of appliances and were monitored for 24 h so that acquired exposure could be compared with the measured ambient fields in the home. Appliances were measured at standard distances and an algorithm was used to calculate fields at 100 and 50 cm to remove room background contributions. A few appliances generated fields in excess of 0.2 microT at 1 m: microwave cookers 0.37 +/- 0.14 microT; washing machines 0.27 +/- 0.14 microT; dishwashers 0.23 +/- 0.13 microT; some electric showers 0.11 +/- 0.25 microT and can openers 0.20 +/- 0.21 microT. Of continuously operating devices, only central heating pumps (0.51 +/- 0.47 microT), central heating boilers (0.27 +/- 0.26 microT) and fish-tank air pumps (0.32 +/- 0.09 microT) produced significant fields at 0.5 m. There were no obvious ways to group different types of appliances as high- or low-strength sources. Mothers spent on average about 4.5 h per day in the kitchen, where the strongest sources of magnetic field were located.
在一项针对50户英国家庭的调查中，测量了家中发现的806件家用电器产生的50赫兹基波和谐波磁场，这些电器由母亲们经常使用。测量是在最有可能接近的方向上，从电器表面进行的。母亲们完成了一份关于电器使用情况的问卷，并接受了24小时的监测，以便将获得的暴露量与家中测量的环境磁场进行比较。在标准距离下对电器进行测量，并使用一种算法来计算100厘米和50厘米处的磁场，以去除房间背景的影响。一些电器在1米处产生的磁场超过0.2微特斯拉：微波炉0.37±0.14微特斯拉；洗衣机0.27±0.14微特斯拉；洗碗机0.23±0.13微特斯拉；一些电热水器0.11±0.25微特斯拉；开罐器0.20±0.21微特斯拉。在持续运行的设备中，只有中央供暖泵（0.51±0.47微特斯拉）、中央供暖锅炉（0.27±0.26微特斯拉）和鱼缸气泵（0.32±0.09微特斯拉）在0.5米处产生显著磁场。没有明显的方法将不同类型的电器归类为高强度或低强度源。母亲们平均每天在厨房花费约4.5小时，而厨房是磁场最强的来源所在之处。
