Chakraborty J
Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620, USA.
Risk Anal. 2001 Oct;21(5):883-95. doi: 10.1111/0272-4332.215159.
Although environmental equity research has focused primarily on chronic pollution sources, recent advances in environmental modeling and geographic information systems (GIS) provide a foundation for developing measures that can be used to evaluate differential exposure to acute pollution events. This article describes a methodology that uses facility-specific information to develop a risk surface representing the spatial distribution of accidental exposure to hazardous substances in a study area. Environmental pollution models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were used in conjunction with GIS software to achieve this objective. The methodology was implemented in a large metropolitan region (Hillsborough County, Florida) to examine disproportionate exposure to worst-case releases of extremely hazardous substances. The environmental inequity hypothesis was investigated by directly comparing the distribution of potential exposures within each racial (non-White versus White) and income (below poverty versus above poverty) subgroup. The results indicate that a significantly large proportion of both non-White and impoverished individuals resided in areas potentially exposed to multiple accidental releases.
尽管环境公平性研究主要关注慢性污染源，但环境建模和地理信息系统（GIS）的最新进展为制定可用于评估急性污染事件差异暴露的措施奠定了基础。本文描述了一种方法，该方法使用特定设施的信息来开发一个风险表面，以表示研究区域内有害物质意外暴露的空间分布。美国环境保护局推荐的环境污染模型与GIS软件结合使用以实现这一目标。该方法在一个大都市地区（佛罗里达州希尔斯伯勒县）实施，以研究对极危险物质最坏情况释放的不成比例暴露。通过直接比较每个种族（非白人与白人）和收入（贫困以下与贫困以上）亚组内潜在暴露的分布，对环境不公平假设进行了调查。结果表明，相当大比例的非白人和贫困人口居住在可能遭受多次意外释放影响的地区。
