Crumpton W G
Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
Water Sci Technol. 2001;44(11-12):559-64.
Agricultural applications of fertilizers and pesticides have increased dramatically since the middle 1960s, and agrochemical contamination of surface and groundwater has become a serious environmental concern. Since the mid-1980s, a variety of state and federal programs have been used to promote wetland restoration, and these continuing efforts provide a unique opportunity for water quality improvement in agricultural watersheds. However, wetland restorations have been motivated primarily by concern over waterfowl habitat loss, and model simulations suggest that commonly used site selection criteria for wetland restorations may be inadequate for water quality purposes. This does not lessen the promise of wetlands for water quality improvement in agricultural watersheds, but rather emphasizes the need for watershed scale approaches to wetland siting and design. Water quality is best viewed from a watershed perspective, and watershed scale endpoints should be explicitly considered in site selection for wetland restoration.
自20世纪60年代中期以来，化肥和农药的农业应用急剧增加，地表水和地下水的农用化学品污染已成为一个严重的环境问题。自20世纪80年代中期以来，各种州和联邦项目被用于促进湿地恢复，这些持续的努力为改善农业流域的水质提供了独特的机会。然而，湿地恢复主要是出于对水禽栖息地丧失的担忧，模型模拟表明，湿地恢复常用的选址标准可能不足以实现水质改善目的。这并没有减少湿地对改善农业流域水质的前景，而是强调了在湿地选址和设计中采用流域尺度方法的必要性。从流域角度看待水质是最好的，在湿地恢复选址时应明确考虑流域尺度的终点。
