Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cold-Regions Wetlands Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, China.
National and Local Joint Laboratory of Wetland and Ecological Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 1;19(13):8083. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138083.
Wetlands are important ecosystems for biodiversity preservation and environmental regulation. However, the integrity of wetland ecosystems has been seriously compromised and damaged due to the reckless and indiscriminate exploitation of wetland resources during economic development by human society. Hence, wetland restoration has now attracted wide attention. Understanding wetland restoration suitability and its relationship with river grade and river distance is an important step in further implementing wetland restoration and ensuring an orderly wetland development and utilization. In this study, wetland restoration suitability is evaluated combining natural and human factors. Taking its result as an important basis, the spatial distribution characteristics of different levels of wetland restoration suitability are discussed for the studied region; the percentage distribution of different levels of wetland restoration suitability is analyzed for 10 km long buffer zones of rivers of different grades, and the association between the distribution of different levels of wetland restoration suitability and the river distance (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 km) is also analyzed for different buffer zones of rivers in different grades. Our findings show that the spatial distribution of wetland restoration suitability is closely associated with the grade of rivers and the distance of the wetland patches from the river. The higher the river grade, the higher the percentage of the wetland with high restoration suitability within the same river distance. The percentage of wetlands with high restoration suitability has shown a notably decreasing trend as the river distance increases for the areas beside rivers of all grades, while the percentage of a wetland area with relatively high restoration suitability tends to increase as the river distance increases for the areas beside rivers of grade I and II and does not have a noticeable trend to change as the river distance changes for the area beside rivers of other grades. Results of this can provide technical support for wetland restoration suitability evaluation for plain areas, a spatial reference for wetland restoration prioritizing, and an orderly wetland development and utilization in future studies and planning.
湿地是生物多样性保护和环境调节的重要生态系统。然而，在人类社会经济发展过程中，对湿地资源的肆意和无差别开发，严重损害了湿地生态系统的完整性。因此，湿地恢复已引起广泛关注。了解湿地恢复适宜性及其与河级和河距的关系，是进一步实施湿地恢复、确保湿地有序开发利用的重要步骤。本研究结合自然和人为因素对湿地恢复适宜性进行评价，以其结果为重要依据，探讨研究区不同层次湿地恢复适宜性的空间分布特征；分析不同等级河流 10km 缓冲区不同层次湿地恢复适宜性的百分比分布，并分析不同等级河流不同缓冲区不同层次湿地恢复适宜性的分布与河距（2、4、6、8、10km）的关系。研究结果表明，湿地恢复适宜性的空间分布与河流等级和湿地斑块距河流的距离密切相关。河级越高，相同河距内高恢复适宜性湿地的比例越高。对于各级河流两岸，随着距河流的增加，高恢复适宜性湿地的比例呈明显下降趋势；对于 I 级和 II 级河流两岸，随着距河流的增加，具有较高恢复适宜性的湿地面积比例呈增加趋势，而对于其他等级河流两岸，随着距河流的增加，湿地面积比例没有明显变化趋势。研究结果可为平原地区湿地恢复适宜性评价提供技术支持，为湿地恢复优先级划分提供空间参考，为今后的研究和规划提供有序的湿地开发利用。
