Bunge Silvia A, Dudukovic Nicole M, Thomason Moriah E, Vaidya Chandan J, Gabrieli John D E
Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Neuron. 2002 Jan 17;33(2):301-11. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00583-9.
Event-related fMRI was employed to characterize differences in brain activation between children ages 8-12 and adults related to two forms of cognitive control: interference suppression and response inhibition. Children were more susceptible to interference and less able to inhibit inappropriate responses than were adults. Effective interference suppression in children was associated with prefrontal activation in the opposite hemisphere relative to adults. In contrast, effective response inhibition in children was associated with activation of posterior, but not prefrontal, regions activated by adults. Children failed to activate a region in right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex that was recruited for both types of cognitive control by adults. Thus, children exhibited immature prefrontal activation that varied according to the type of cognitive control required.
采用事件相关功能磁共振成像技术来表征8至12岁儿童与成年人在两种认知控制形式（干扰抑制和反应抑制）方面大脑激活的差异。与成年人相比，儿童更容易受到干扰，抑制不适当反应的能力也较弱。儿童有效的干扰抑制与相对于成年人而言对侧半球的前额叶激活有关。相比之下，儿童有效的反应抑制与成年人激活的后部而非前额叶区域的激活有关。儿童未能激活右侧腹外侧前额叶皮质中一个在成年人的两种认知控制类型中均被募集的区域。因此，儿童表现出不成熟的前额叶激活，这种激活根据所需认知控制的类型而有所不同。
