Wiedermann G, Ambrosch F
Dev Biol Stand. 1979;43:429-32.
The basic aim of vaccination is to prevent more severe complications of the respective disease than might be caused by the vaccine itself. Following this idea formulae were developed for calculation of the risk ratio Q and the risk difference D. The following parameters are considered in this formulae: risk of the disease (R), risk of vaccination (r), protection rate (p) and duration of protection (t). Besides, for calculations with partially vaccinated populations the immunization rate "I" has to be considered. A vaccination is beneficial if Q greater than 1.0 and D greater than 0. If vaccinations have proved to be valuable from the medical point of view, additional cost-benefit calculations may be of great importance for socio-economic considerations. Consequently, the above mentioned formulae were modified for calculation of the benefit cost ratio (Qc) and the benefit cost difference (Dc) for monovalent as well as for bivalent vaccines.
疫苗接种的基本目的是预防相应疾病比疫苗本身可能引起的更严重的并发症。遵循这一理念，制定了用于计算风险比Q和风险差D的公式。这些公式中考虑了以下参数：疾病风险（R）、疫苗接种风险（r）、保护率（p）和保护持续时间（t）。此外，对于部分接种人群的计算，必须考虑免疫率“I”。如果Q大于1.0且D大于0，则疫苗接种是有益的。如果从医学角度证明疫苗接种是有价值的，那么额外的成本效益计算对于社会经济考虑可能非常重要。因此，对上述公式进行了修改，以计算单价和双价疫苗的效益成本比（Qc）和效益成本差（Dc）。
