Ambrosch F, Wiedermann G, Harasek G
Fortschr Med. 1978 Feb 23;96(8):409-14.
Former calculations of the medical benefit of measles immunization, concerning frequency of measles complications, effectiveness and risk of vaccination, showed that measles vaccination is a very useful measure. As the decision to introduce vaccination on a broad scale depends on financial deliberations, too, a cost-benefit analysis for Austria has been performed and the cost-benefit ratio as well as the cost-benefit difference calculated. The costs of measles vaccination which is performed mainly by private pediatricians at the present time, include costs of vaccine, physician and additional antipyretic and is 257.90 AS. The average costs of therapy per child consist of home treatment (287.20 AS), hospital treatment (162.50 AS) and care of residual cerebral damage (88.50 AS). Together with the costs of one week vacation which is warranted in Austria for the nursing of a sick child once a year, this makes a total sum of 1081.--AS. From these data the cost-benefit ratio was calculated by 2.95, the cost-benefit difference by 715.--AS per child. 5 years after the start of general measles vaccination of 1 year old children the accumulated costs of vaccination are equalled by the profit gained by prevention of the disease. The annual cost-benefit difference is positive after 3 years. 10 years after introduction of general vaccination the accumulated cost-benefit difference in Austria would be approximately 167 Mill. AS.
以往关于麻疹免疫的医学益处的计算，涉及麻疹并发症的发生率、疫苗接种的有效性和风险，结果表明麻疹疫苗接种是一项非常有用的措施。由于大规模引入疫苗接种的决定也取决于财务考量，因此对奥地利进行了成本效益分析，并计算了成本效益比以及成本效益差异。目前主要由私人儿科医生进行的麻疹疫苗接种成本，包括疫苗成本、医生成本以及额外的退烧药成本，为257.90奥地利先令。每个儿童的平均治疗成本包括家庭治疗（287.20奥地利先令）、住院治疗（162.50奥地利先令）以及对残留脑损伤的护理（88.50奥地利先令）。再加上奥地利每年为照顾患病儿童提供一周假期的成本，总计为1081奥地利先令。根据这些数据，计算出成本效益比为2.95，每个儿童的成本效益差异为715奥地利先令。在对1岁儿童开始普遍接种麻疹疫苗5年后，疫苗接种的累计成本与预防该疾病所获得的收益相等。3年后年度成本效益差异为正。在引入普遍疫苗接种10年后，奥地利累计的成本效益差异约为1.67亿奥地利先令。
