Yanowitz Janet, Graboski Michael S, McCormick Robert L
Colorado Institute for Fuels and High Altitude Engine Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Refining, Colorado School of Mines, Golden 80401-1887, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Jan 15;36(2):270-5. doi: 10.1021/es015559t.
A model of a heavy-duty vehicle driveline with automatic transmission has been developed for estimating engine speed and load from vehicle speed. The model has been validated using emissions tests conducted on three diesel vehicles on a chassis dynamometer and then on the engines removed from the vehicles tested on an engine dynamometer. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were proportional to work done by the engine. For two of the engines, the NOx/horsepower(HP) ratio was the same on the engine and on the chassis dynamometer tests. For the third engine NOx/HP was significantly higher from the chassis test, possibly due to the use of dual engine maps. The engine certification test generated consistently less particulate matter emissions on a gram per brake horsepower-hour basis than the Heavy Duty Transient and Central Business District chassis cycles. A good linear correlation (r2 = 0.97 and 0.91) was found between rates of HP increase integrated over the test cycle and PM emissions for both the chassis and the engine tests for two of the vehicles. The model also shows how small changes in vehicle speeds can lead to a doubling of load on the engine. Additionally, the model showed that it is impossible to drive a vehicle cycle equivalent to the heavy-duty engine federal test procedure on these vehicles.
已开发出一种带有自动变速器的重型车辆传动系统模型，用于根据车速估算发动机转速和负载。该模型已通过在底盘测功机上对三辆柴油车辆进行排放测试，并随后在发动机测功机上对从这些车辆上拆下的发动机进行测试来验证。氮氧化物（NOx）排放与发动机所做的功成正比。对于其中两台发动机，发动机测试和底盘测功机测试中的NOx/马力（HP）比相同。对于第三台发动机，底盘测试中的NOx/HP显著更高，这可能是由于使用了双发动机映射图。发动机认证测试每制动马力小时产生的颗粒物排放始终低于重型瞬态和中央商务区底盘循环测试。对于其中两辆车辆，在底盘测试和发动机测试中，测试循环内积分的HP增加率与PM排放之间发现了良好的线性相关性（r2 = 0.97和0.91）。该模型还展示了车速的微小变化如何导致发动机负载加倍。此外，该模型表明，在这些车辆上不可能驾驶出等同于重型发动机联邦测试程序的车辆行驶循环。
