Mohamed Tharwat, Sato Hiroshi, Kurosawa Takashi, Oikawa Shin
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
J Vet Med Sci. 2002 Jan;64(1):23-8. doi: 10.1292/jvms.64.23.
The objectives of the present study were (1) to establish and maintain catheters non-surgically in the portal and hepatic veins of cattle for long-term monitoring of postprandially absorbed metabolites, and (2) to assess the safety of the technique used. Aspiration and catheterization were not performed if there was risk of bleeding, as determined by hemostatic data and enlargement of portal and hepatic veins. In five Holstein cattle, before and 60-min after feeding, percutaneous ultrasound-guided aspiration of portal and hepatic blood, together with jugular blood, was performed utilizing 17G x 17.5 cm needles. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen tended to be higher after feeding, but that of urea nitrogen and glucose were not significantly changed. In five other Holstein cows liver veins were catheterized with 14 x 16.5 cm guide-needles attached with 50 cm polyethylene tubes and blood samples were collected from portal, hepatic and jugular veins at 30-min intervals for 4.5 hr. The concentration of plasma acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) were significantly increased after feeding, while that of lactate was not changed. Catheters in the portal and hepatic veins enabled the collection of blood samples up to 15 days (mean, 7 days). After a 7-day observation period, five cows were euthanised and necropsied. Changes in the intercostal musculature, peritoneum and liver were negligible. During the observation period, clinical profiles, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total and differential WBC counts were within normal ranges.
（1）通过非手术方式在牛的门静脉和肝静脉中建立并维持导管，以长期监测餐后吸收的代谢产物；（2）评估所用技术的安全性。根据止血数据以及门静脉和肝静脉的增粗情况判断，若存在出血风险，则不进行采血和插管操作。对5头荷斯坦奶牛，在喂食前和喂食后60分钟，使用17G×17.5 cm的针头，经皮超声引导采集门静脉血、肝静脉血以及颈静脉血。喂食后氨氮浓度有升高趋势，但尿素氮和葡萄糖浓度无显著变化。对另外5头荷斯坦奶牛，用连接有50 cm聚乙烯管的14×16.5 cm引导针插入肝静脉，每隔30分钟从门静脉、肝静脉和颈静脉采集血样，持续4.5小时。喂食后血浆乙酸盐和3-羟基丁酸（3-HB）浓度显著升高，而乳酸盐浓度无变化。门静脉和肝静脉中的导管能够采集血样长达15天（平均7天）。经过7天的观察期后，对5头奶牛实施安乐死并进行剖检。肋间肌肉组织、腹膜和肝脏的变化可忽略不计。在观察期内，临床症状、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶以及白细胞总数和分类计数均在正常范围内。
