Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Open Vet J. 2024 Jul;14(7):1726-1732. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.22. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Abdominal fat necrosis is mostly an incidental finding during rectal examination manifested by the presence of hard necrotic masses of different sizes. Differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal neoplasia, abdominal abscessation and mummified fetuses. This report describes the clinical, hematological, biochemical, sonographic, and pathologic findings in a female Arabian camel () with abdominal fat necrosis.
A 7-year-old female dromedary camel was presented for examination because of weakness and progressive weight loss since months ago. Anthelmintics, analgesics, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories and stomachics were administered, but did not result in significant improvement. Preliminary examination of the case revealed emaciation with a body condition score of 2.5 (scale 1-5). The cardiopulmonary, digestive, and urinary systems were evaluated transcutaneously by sonography in the recumbent position. Multiple echogenic masses-located within the intestinal loops were observed alongside few hypoechogenic masses. A hyperechogenic peritoneal effusion and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were also detected. Decreased hematocrit value, normocytic normochromic anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hhyperglobulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia were detected. A free-hand, ultrasound-guided biopsy was examined histopathologically and revealed multiple abdominal fat necrosis, severe fibrosis, and pancreatitis.
It is concluded that, transabdominal ultrasonography in camels was valuable for suspicious of abdominal mesenteric masses and helpful in sampling of a representative biopsy specimen However, histological examination of the biopsy remains the final diagnostic method.
腹部脂肪坏死大多是直肠检查时偶然发现的，表现为大小不一的硬坏死肿块。鉴别诊断包括胃肠道肿瘤、腹部脓肿和木乃伊化胎儿。本报告描述了一例雌性阿拉伯单峰驼（）腹部脂肪坏死的临床、血液学、生化、超声和病理表现。
一只 7 岁的雌性单峰驼因数月前出现虚弱和进行性体重减轻而就诊。曾给予驱虫药、镇痛药、广谱抗生素、消炎药和健胃药，但没有明显改善。对该病例进行初步检查发现消瘦，体况评分为 2.5（1-5 分制）。心肺、消化和泌尿系统通过卧姿下的超声经皮进行评估。在肠袢内观察到多个高回声肿块，还有一些低回声肿块。还检测到高回声腹腔积液和增大的肠系膜淋巴结。检测到红细胞压积值降低、正细胞正色素性贫血、中性粒细胞白细胞增多、低白蛋白血症、高球蛋白血症、高血糖、低钠血症和高钾血症。进行了徒手、超声引导下的活检，并进行了组织病理学检查，结果显示多处腹部脂肪坏死、严重纤维化和胰腺炎。
总之，在骆驼中进行经腹超声检查对怀疑肠系膜腹部肿块有价值，并有助于采集有代表性的活检样本。然而，活检的组织学检查仍然是最终的诊断方法。
