Neusser M, Stanyon R, Bigoni F, Wienberg J, Müller S
Institute of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
Cytogenet Cell Genet. 2001;94(3-4):206-15. doi: 10.1159/000048818.
Chromosome rearrangements are considered as "rare genomic changes" and can provide useful markers and even landmarks for reconstructing phylogenies complementary to DNA sequence data and bio-morphological comparisons. Here, we applied multi-directional chromosome painting to reconstruct the chromosome phylogeny and evolutionary relationships among the New World monkey (Platyrrhini) species Callithrix argentata, Cebuella pygmaea, Saguinus oedipus, Callithrix jacchus and Callimico goeldii. The results clarified several aspects of New Wold monkey phylogeny. In particular the phylogenetic position of C. goeldii was elucidated, which has been controversially discussed and variously classified in the family Callitrichidae, in the family Cebidae or in its own family Callimiconidae. Comparative genome maps were established by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with human, S. oedipus and Lagothrix lagothricha chromosome- specific DNA probes. From these data we reconstructed the putative ancestral karyotype of all Callitrichidae. Various derived chromosomal syntenies are shared by all five species and cytogenetically define Callitrichidae - including Callimico goeldii -- as a distinctive group within the Platyrrhini. C. pygmaea and C. argentata share identical chromosomal syntenies from which S. oedipus and C. jacchus differ by single independent translocations. A common derived chromosomal change links Callimico with the marmosets to the exclusion of the tamarins, however, it has further diverged from an ancestral marmoset karyotype by at least four apomorphic rearrangements. Saimiri sciureus, representing the Cebinae, exclusively shares a derived syntenic association with all Callithrichidae, defining the genus Saimiri as a sister group.
染色体重排被视为“罕见的基因组变化”，可为重建系统发育提供有用的标记甚至地标，以补充DNA序列数据和生物形态学比较。在此，我们应用多向染色体涂染来重建新世界猴（阔鼻猴）物种银狨（Callithrix argentata）、侏狨（Cebuella pygmaea）、普通狨（Saguinus oedipus）、白耳狨（Callithrix jacchus）和姬猴（Callimico goeldii）之间的染色体系统发育和进化关系。结果阐明了新世界猴系统发育的几个方面。特别是明确了姬猴的系统发育位置，该物种在狨科、卷尾猴科或自成一科的姬猴科中的分类一直存在争议。通过使用人类、普通狨和绒毛猴（Lagothrix lagothricha）染色体特异性DNA探针进行多色荧光原位杂交（FISH），建立了比较基因组图谱。根据这些数据，我们重建了所有狨科动物的假定祖先核型。所有五个物种共享各种衍生的染色体同线性，从细胞遗传学上定义了狨科（包括姬猴）为阔鼻猴中的一个独特类群。侏狨和银狨共享相同的染色体同线性，普通狨和白耳狨则因单个独立易位与之不同。一个共同的衍生染色体变化将姬猴与狨猴联系在一起，而绢毛猴被排除在外，不过它又通过至少四次衍生重排与祖先狨猴核型进一步分化。代表卷尾猴亚科的松鼠猴（Saimiri sciureus）仅与所有狨科动物共享一种衍生的同线性关联，将松鼠猴属定义为姐妹群。
