Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Apr 1;11(4):383. doi: 10.3390/genes11040383.
The history of each human chromosome can be studied through comparative cytogenetic approaches in mammals which permit the identification of human chromosomal homologies and rearrangements between species. Comparative banding, chromosome painting, Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) mapping and genome data permit researchers to formulate hypotheses about ancestral chromosome forms. Human chromosome 13 has been previously shown to be conserved as a single syntenic element in the Ancestral Primate Karyotype; in this context, in order to study and verify the conservation of primate chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 13, we mapped a selected set of BAC probes in three platyrrhine species, characterised by a high level of rearrangements, using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Our mapping data on and provide insight into synteny of human chromosome 13 evolution in a comparative perspective among primate species, showing rearrangements across taxa. Furthermore, in a wider perspective, we have revised previous cytogenomic literature data on chromosome 13 evolution in eutherian mammals, showing a complex origin of the eutherian mammal ancestral karyotype which has still not been completely clarified. Moreover, we analysed biomedical aspects (the OMIM and Mitelman databases) regarding human chromosome 13, showing that this autosome is characterised by a certain level of plasticity that has been implicated in many human cancers and diseases.
通过对哺乳动物进行比较细胞遗传学研究，可以追溯每条人类染色体的历史，从而鉴定人类染色体与物种之间的同源性和重排。比较带型分析、染色体涂染、细菌人工染色体（BAC）作图和基因组数据可使研究人员提出关于祖先染色体形态的假说。此前已经证明，人类 13 号染色体在原始灵长类动物核型中作为单一的同线性元素保守存在；在这种情况下，为了研究和验证与人类 13 号染色体同源的灵长类染色体的保守性，我们使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术在三个具有高水平重排的阔鼻猴物种中对一组选定的 BAC 探针进行了作图。我们在 和 上的作图数据提供了在灵长类物种中从比较的角度研究人类 13 号染色体进化的同线性的见解，显示了跨分类群的重排。此外，从更广泛的角度来看，我们修订了以前关于真兽类哺乳动物 13 号染色体进化的细胞基因组文献数据，显示出真兽类哺乳动物祖先核型的复杂起源，这仍然没有完全阐明。此外，我们还分析了与人类 13 号染色体有关的生物医学方面（OMIM 和 Mitelman 数据库），表明这条常染色体具有一定程度的可塑性，这与许多人类癌症和疾病有关。
