Fukasawa Ichio, Kousaka Nobuaki, Kun Zu, Inaba Noriyuki
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2002 Feb;29(2):333-40.
In diagnosing uterine cancers, cells and tissue samples can be directly obtained from the lesion. Cytologic and histologic investigation is the best method for screening and early detection of primary uterine cancers. Tumor markers may be useful for monitoring the clinical course of therapy and early detection of recurrence for which cytologic examination can not be done. Moreover, high levels of tumor markers may represent tumor invasiveness and metastasis to lymph nodes and/or other organs, and may indicate a poor prognosis for the patient. Strictly speaking, tumor markers are not tumor-specific but tumor-associated substances. They can be elevated in sera from healthy individuals under various conditions, and from patients with benign tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCC) is relatively tumor-specific, and widely used for monitoring patients with squamous cell carcinoma not only of the uterine cervix. On the other hand, there is no specific tumor marker for uterine corpus carcinoma. Combination assay of several tumor markers including cancer antigen 125 (CA125) as a core marker may be of greater diagnostic value in cases of uterine corpus carcinoma.
在诊断子宫癌时，可直接从病变部位获取细胞和组织样本。细胞学和组织学检查是筛查和早期发现原发性子宫癌的最佳方法。肿瘤标志物对于监测治疗的临床过程以及无法进行细胞学检查时的复发早期检测可能有用。此外，高水平的肿瘤标志物可能代表肿瘤的侵袭性以及向淋巴结和/或其他器官的转移，并且可能表明患者预后不良。严格来说，肿瘤标志物并非肿瘤特异性物质，而是肿瘤相关物质。在各种情况下，健康个体以及患有良性肿瘤的患者血清中它们也可能升高。鳞状细胞癌相关抗原（SCC）相对具有肿瘤特异性，不仅广泛用于监测子宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者。另一方面，子宫体癌没有特异性的肿瘤标志物。以癌抗原125（CA125）作为核心标志物的几种肿瘤标志物联合检测在子宫体癌病例中可能具有更大的诊断价值。
