Claudon Michel, Tranquart François, Evans David H, Lefèvre Frédéric, Correas Michel
Service de Radiologie, Hôpital d'Enfants, University of Nancy, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
Eur Radiol. 2002 Jan;12(1):7-18. doi: 10.1007/s00330-001-1185-1. Epub 2001 Dec 14.
Significant advances have been recently introduced into various fields of technology, taking advantage of the use of new piezoelectric materials and the large diffusion of broadband transducers. Various types of modulation may be applied to the pulse characteristics, using single pulse, multipulse or multiline techniques, and resulting in improved spatial resolution and better penetration. Non-linear imaging uses the harmonics component, which is generated by tissues or by contrast agents. Different modalities can be used to separate harmonics from fundamental bands from the received signal. New Doppler modes have been developed, whereas grey-scale flow imaging allows the simultaneous imaging of blood flow and tissues. Compounding techniques improve the contrast resolution of tissues and reduce artefacts. If 3D techniques are now currently available, real-time 4D imaging has been recently introduced. Elastographic imaging is still under evaluation, but promising clinical results have been shown. Recent release of the DICOM specification has made the full integration of ultrasound to the PACS systems easier. All these advances indicate that the contribution and potential of ultrasound in patient management is still growing.
最近，利用新型压电材料的使用和宽带换能器的广泛普及，技术的各个领域都取得了重大进展。可以使用单脉冲、多脉冲或多线技术对脉冲特性进行各种类型的调制，从而提高空间分辨率并实现更好的穿透性。非线性成像利用由组织或造影剂产生的谐波分量。可以使用不同的模式从接收到的信号中分离谐波和基波。已经开发了新的多普勒模式，而灰阶血流成像允许同时对血流和组织进行成像。复合技术提高了组织的对比分辨率并减少了伪像。如果说现在三维技术已经普遍可用，那么实时四维成像最近也已问世。弹性成像仍在评估中，但已显示出有前景的临床结果。DICOM规范的最新发布使超声与PACS系统的完全集成变得更加容易。所有这些进展表明，超声在患者管理中的作用和潜力仍在不断增长。
