Wells P N T
Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
Phys Med Biol. 2006 Jul 7;51(13):R83-98. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/R06. Epub 2006 Jun 20.
Ultrasound imaging is now in very widespread clinical use. The most important underpinning technologies include transducers, beam forming, pulse compression, tissue harmonic imaging, contrast agents, techniques for measuring blood flow and tissue motion, and three-dimensional imaging. Specialized and emerging technologies include tissue characterization and image segmentation, microscanning and intravascular scanning, elasticity imaging, reflex transmission imaging, computed tomography, Doppler tomography, photoacoustics and thermoacoustics. Phantoms and quality assurance are necessary to maintain imaging performance. Contemporary ultrasonic imaging procedures seem to be safe but studies of bioeffects are continuing. It is concluded that advances in ultrasonic imaging have primarily been pushed by the application of physics and innovations in engineering, rather than being pulled by the identification of specific clinical objectives in need of scientific solutions. Moreover, the opportunities for innovation to continue into the future are both challenging and exciting.
超声成像目前在临床中应用极为广泛。最重要的基础技术包括换能器、波束形成、脉冲压缩、组织谐波成像、造影剂、测量血流和组织运动的技术以及三维成像。专业和新兴技术包括组织表征与图像分割、微扫描与血管内扫描、弹性成像、反射透射成像、计算机断层扫描、多普勒断层扫描、光声和热声。模体和质量保证对于维持成像性能是必要的。当代超声成像程序似乎是安全的，但生物效应的研究仍在继续。得出的结论是，超声成像的进展主要是由物理学的应用和工程创新推动的，而不是由对需要科学解决方案的特定临床目标的识别拉动的。此外，未来继续创新的机遇既具有挑战性又令人兴奋。
