Moffitt Terrie E, Caspi Avshalom, Harrington Honalee, Milne Barry J
University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2002 Winter;14(1):179-207. doi: 10.1017/s0954579402001104.
This article reports a comparison on outcomes of 26-year-old males who were defined several years ago in the Dunedin longitudinal study as exhibiting childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial behavior and who were indistinguishable on delinquent offending in adolescence. Previous studies of these groups in childhood and adolescence showed that childhood-onset delinquents had inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems, undercontrolled temperament, severe hyperactivity, psychopathic personality traits, and violent behavior. Adolescent-onset delinquents were not distinguished by these features. Here followed to age 26 years, the childhood-onset delinquents were the most elevated on psychopathic personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, numbers of children, financial problems, work problems, and drug-related and violent crime, including violence against women and children. The adolescent-onset delinquents at 26 years were less extreme but elevated on impulsive personality traits, mental-health problems, substance dependence, financial problems, and property offenses. A third group of men who had been aggressive as children but not very delinquent as adolescents emerged as low-level chronic offenders who were anxious, depressed, socially isolated, and had financial and work problems. These findings support the theory of life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior but also extend it. Findings recommend intervention with all aggressive children and with all delinquent adolescents, to prevent a variety of maladjustments in adult life.
本文报告了对26岁男性的研究结果比较，这些男性在几年前的达尼丁纵向研究中被定义为具有儿童期起病型与青少年期起病型反社会行为，且在青少年期的犯罪行为方面难以区分。此前对这些群体在儿童期和青少年期的研究表明，儿童期起病型违法者存在养育不足、神经认知问题、情绪控制不足的气质、严重多动、精神病态人格特质以及暴力行为。青少年期起病型违法者则没有这些特征。到26岁时，儿童期起病型违法者在精神病态人格特质、心理健康问题、物质依赖、子女数量、财务问题、工作问题以及与毒品相关和暴力犯罪（包括针对妇女和儿童的暴力）方面最为突出。26岁的青少年期起病型违法者情况没那么极端，但在冲动人格特质、心理健康问题、物质依赖、财务问题和财产犯罪方面有所增加。第三组男性在儿童期有攻击性但青少年期犯罪不太严重，他们成为了低水平的慢性违法者，存在焦虑、抑郁、社交孤立以及财务和工作问题。这些发现支持了生命历程持续型和青少年有限型反社会行为的理论，但也对其进行了拓展。研究结果建议对所有有攻击性的儿童和所有违法青少年进行干预，以预防成年生活中的各种适应不良情况。
